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| Policy practiced by the federal courts where official court policy was not to intervene in matters relating to adult corrections, belief that correntional superintendents and wardens and departments of corrections are in best poisition to make decisions about welfare of inmates, applied to juvenile corrections and juvenile courts similarly. |
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| Rapid escalation of case filings before appellate courts, often based upon a landmark case extending rights to particular segments of the population such as jail or prison inmaes or juveniles. |
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| Writ meaning "produce the body," used by prisoners to challenge the nature and lenth of their confinement. |
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| Subjecting persons to prosecution more than once in the same jurisdicion for the same offense, usually without new or vital evidence. Prohibited by the 5th Amendment. |
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| Sanction given to suspects by police officers advising suspects of their legal rights to counsel, to refuse to answer questions, to avoid self-incrimination and other privileges. |
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| Proposal that seeks to centralize and integrate the diverse functions of all courts of general, concurrent, and exclusive jurisdiction into a more simplified and uncomplicated scheme. |
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| Juvenile court proceedings characterized by less formal adjudications, greater use of detention. |
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| Established under the Juvenile Law of 1948, exists in all Japenese jurisdicitions and hears any matters pertaining to juvenile delinquency, child abuse and neglect, and child custody matters; both stuatus offenders and delinquents appear before Family Court judges, similar to juvenile court judges in U.S. jurisdictions Family Court judges have considerable discretionary authority, decide cases within the parens patriue context. |
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| Case involved attempts by prisoners to petition the courts to hear various grievances or complaints. Created a proliferation of inmate rights. |
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| U.S. Supreme Court Death Penalty Cases |
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| Eddings v. Oklahoma (1982) Case was tried up to the Supreme Court and gave way for the state of Oklahoma to execute a 16 year old. |
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