Term
| Factors that influence Police Discretion |
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Definition
1. The nature of the offense.
2. Citizen Complaints
3. Sex
4. Race
5. Socioeconomic Status
6. Individual Characteristics
7. Nature of Police-Juvenile Interaction
8. Departmental Policy
9. External Pressures in the Community. |
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Term
| How do Police Process Juveniles |
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Definition
1. Informal Options - on the streets
2. Informal Options - At the Station
3. Combined Informal and Formal Processing.
4. Formal Processing: At the Station |
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Term
| Legal Rights of Juveniles with Police - Search and Seizure |
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Definition
| State v. Lowery supports 4th amendment rights against unreasonable searches and seizures to juveniles - except - if the juvenile has given up that right - or - has been caught in the act. |
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Term
| Legal Rights of Juve's w/ Police - On the street |
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Definition
| No pat downs - unless there is reason - and can be for weapons only. |
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Term
| Legal Rights of Juve's w/Police - In the vehicle |
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Definition
| Officers can not pull over youths driving and search the vehicle without reason. They may look inside and from that determine a reason to search the interior but can not search the truck where the juvenile does not have access. |
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Term
| Legal Rights of Juve's w/Police - At Home |
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Definition
| Officers may enter a home with permission, and may search the youths room with the parents permission. They may enter a home with probably cause - and - if they are standing in the doorway and see illegal substance. |
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Term
| Legal Rights of Juve's w/Police - In the School |
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Definition
New Jersey v T.L.O. (1985) deterimined that a students locker may be searched if:
1. School rules are being broken,
2. There is reasonable cause to suspect that an illegal action is or will take place. |
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Term
| Legal Rights of Juve's w/Police - Interrogation and Confession |
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Definition
5th and 14th Amendment rights address standards of fairness and due process in obtaining confession.
They shall not be required to testify against themselves or to lose their liberties without due process. |
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Term
| Legal Rights of Juve's w/Police - Fingerprinting |
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Definition
| Controversial practice; Davis V Mississippi (1969) ruled that fingerprints taken by the police could not be used as evidence. |
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Term
| Legal Rights of Juve's w/Police - Lineups |
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Definition
| Juve must have representation at the time of the lineup. 3 cases United States v. Wade (1967), Kirby v. Illinois (1972), and In re Holley (1970) all upheld the right to representation prior to a lineup. |
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Term
| Legal Rights of Juve's w/Police - Photographs |
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Definition
| Because of the concern of labeling that occurs when a juve photo is reviewed whenever there is a crime committed in a community, some states require that judges give the police written consent to take photographs. |
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Term
| Police Departments organization to fight juvenile crime |
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Definition
1. Specialized Units of Personnel
2. Juvenile Officers.
3. Juvenile Units.
4. Gang Control Units. |
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Term
| Community Oriented Policing |
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Definition
1. Community-oriented policing, (COP)
2. Project D.A.R.E.
3. Porject G.R.E.A.T. |
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