• Contain
• Resolve
• Prevent

Enables people to meet their needs.

• Sharing--thoughts, experiences
• Share--resources & knowledge
• Protecting--secure immediate issue
• Respecting--respected for "who you are"
• Freeing--elections,

Giving people skills to handle conflict

• By helping people learn new values, perspectives, and skills to deal differences
• Delegitimatize violence--e.g.dueling
• Teach tolerance--respect for humanity in ea. person.
• Teach joint-problem solving skills--practical ways to deal w/every day tensions

• Foraging relationships across lines of conflict,
• Create cross-cutting ties--Turks/Kurds develop joint projects
• Foster genuine dialogue

• Provider,
• Teacher,
• Bridge-Builder

• Mediator,
• Arbiter,
• Equalizer,
• Healer

Reconciling conflicting interests.

• Everyone's a Mediator
• Bring parties to table
• Facilitate communication
• Help people search for a solution

Determining disputed rights

• Peers can be Arbiters too
• Replace destructive conflict
• Promote justice
• Encourage negotiation--court, replaced war but became long process.
• Promote justice
• Encourage negotiation

• Competance/professional role--boundaries
• Confidentiality--case confidential; party issues are kept confidential
• Conflict of interests--no
• Do no harm--no damage to either side
• Duties to third party--no harm to them
• Impartiality
• Informed consent--make parties aware of particular issues
• Self-determination--parties determine the outcome
• Voluntary--agree to be there; have a choice either/or

Democratizing power

• Help bering powerful to table
• democratic & participatory decision making
• Build collaborative democracy
• Support nonviolet action

Repairing injured relationships

• Create right climate
• Listen & acknowledge
• Encourage apology
• Goal: Reconciliation

• Witness,
• Referee,
• Peacekeeper

Paying attention to escalation

• Watch for early warning signals
• Go on patrol
• Speak out
• Get help fast

Referee

Setting limits to fighting

• Fair fighting, establish rules
• Remove offensive arms (weapons)
• Strength defenses--nonoffensively

Providing protection

• Interpose--to step in
• Enforce the peace--law, 3rd party
• Preempt violence before it starts--deescalate (jokes, distraction)
• New warriors--heroes