Shared Flashcard Set

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PE 2011 final
Terms
65
Engineering
Undergraduate 2
05/05/2013

Additional Engineering Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
R/P Ratio
Definition
reserves/yearly production.

Gives the companies producing life.
Term
Reserves
Definition
quantities of petroleum which are anticipated to ne commercially recoed and known accumulations from a given date forward.
Term
Reserves uncertainty
Definition
Depends on the amount of reliable geologic and engineering data available at the time.
Term
classification of reserves
Definition
proved, probable, and possible
Term
Techniques for estimating N and G
Definition
Volumetric
MBE
Pressure Analysis
Decline Curves
Mathematical Simulation
Term
Factors for fractional area sweep
Definition
Fluid mobility
well location
areal heterogeneity
total colume of water influx.
Term
What is areal sweep efficiency
Definition
the fractional area of the pattern that is swept by the displaced fluid
Term
What is Displacement efficiency?
Definition
the fraction of movable oil that has been displaced by water or gas.
Term
What is vertical sweep efficieny
Definition
the fraction of the vertical section of the pay zone that is contacted by water/gas.
Term
what is the vertical sweep a function of
Definition
vertical heterogeneity
degree of gravity
fluid mobilities
size of aquifer.
Term
reseason wells are drilled
Definition
for fresh water, and to dispose of hazardous wastes. and to dispose of green house gases such as carbon dioixed.
Term
types of drilling
Definition
cable tool(obsolute) and rotary drilling. Rotary rigs dominate the industry today.
Term
Selection of a drill site.
Definition
based largely on the geological evidence indication the possible accumulation of petroleum.
Term
level ground and area is important for?
Definition
Erecting the rig
excavating reserve pits.
provide storage for all of the materials and equiptment.
Term
What is the large pit constructed for?
Definition
for water used during drilling operations. and for disposal and drill cutting and other wastes.
Term
what is a dry hole digger
Definition
a small drilling rig used to start the main hole. ( a large diameter hole will be drilled to a shallow depth and lined with conducor pipe.
Term
Sometimes a large rectangular cellar is excavated around the main bore hole and lined with wood.
Definition
Term
What is a rat hole?
Definition
a small diameter hole that is lined with pipe and is used for temporary storage for a kelly.
Term
What is a kelly?
Definition
A piece of drilling equiptment.
Term
What is rigging up?
Definition
unloading and hooking up the rig engines and mudtanks and pumps.
raising the mast from horizontal to veritcal.
Term
What is the substructure?
Definition
the base or the foundation. directly over the hole.
Term
What is the rig floor?
Definition
the work platform about the substructure.
Term
What is a BOP?
Definition
blowout preventer stack that is connected to the top of the wells casing.
Term
What is supping the well?
Definition
means to begin drilling operations.
Term
What is the drill string?
Definition
what is lowered and used for drilling consisting of the drill bit, drill collars, drill pipe and kelly.
Term
what is drilling fluid.
Definition
drilling mud that is circulated through the kelly and the drill string by means of pipes and hoses connected to a swivel.
Term
What is a shale shaker?
Definition
serparates the drill cuttings and solids from the drilling mud which is returned to the mud tanks.
Term
What is drilling mud used for?
Definition
lubricates and cools the drill bit and drill string while bringing cuttings up to the surface.
Term
What is tripping.
Definition
putting an additional piece of drill string as hole deepens.
Term
What is the casing for?
Definition
protects aquifers which may contain freshwater.
provides a mounting place for the BOP and servers as the support for the production casing that will be placed in the well bore if drilling program is sucessful.
Term
How is the casing tested.
Definition
for 12 hours under high pressures.
Term
what is drill stem testing
Definition
stopping the drilling to test formations for possible occurrences of oil or gas.
Term
what stops the drilling process?
Definition
tripping.
drill stem testing.
and shearing the drill string (twisting off)
and losing drilling parts in the well bore(junk in the hole)
Term
What is formation evaluation?
Definition
the process used by operatiors to determine if rock layers contain hydrocarbons.
Term
techniques used prior to completing the well.
Definition
examination of cuttings and drilling mud.
well logging
drill stem testing
coring.
Term
Why do geologist examine cutting.s
Definition
for signs of oil and gas.
what type of rock is being drilled.
and the geologic formation.
Term
Why is IDing the rock type important?
Definition
reservoirs fall into categories by rock type.
Term
what is a mud logger?
Definition
A trained tech or geologist who tests cuttings or drilling mud for gas and oil.
Term
What type of compound is oil. Why is it important.
Definition
polarizing compound. it will fluoresce when viewed in black light.
Term
Electrical logs.
Definition
measure the natural electric potential and the effect of induced electricity on the formations.
Term
Radioactivity logs.
Definition
measure the natural radioactivity and the effect of induced radioactivity on the formations.
Term
sonic logs.
Definition
measure the velocity of sound waves in the formations.
Term
What do logs tell geologists.
Definition
the depth to certain formations and intervals.
rock type and porosity and indications of the presence of oil and gas and quantity.
Term
What is P and A
Definition
plugging and abandoning a well. cement plugs are placed through out the drill pipe. separates non Hydro zones from Hydro zones. and freshwater from salt water. intervals are full of drilling mud.
Term
Completeting a producing well.
Definition
the BOP is removed and a production wellhead is attached.
Term
what is well proforating.
Definition
perforating holes in the casing to allow oil and gas to enter the casing.
Term
How is the well stimulated?
Definition
With acid, or injecting fluid or sand under high pressure to fracture the rock.
Term
Three important parts of the refinery.
Definition
Crude oil unloading and blending.
Production unit scheduling
Product blending and shipping.
Term
A refinery.
Definition
Distills crude into light meduim and heavy fractions.
Term
Lightest fractions.
Definition
gasoline ,liquid petroleum gas.
Term
medium fractions.
Definition
kerosene and diesel oil.
Term
heavy fractions.
Definition
gas oils and residue.
Term
conditions light fractions
Definition
desulferization.
alkylation
isomerization.
Term
converts heavy to light.
Definition
hydrocracking, FCC, coking.
Term
Conditions heavy fractions.
Definition
Dewaxing, lube oil fractionation.
Term
Fractionation
Definition
separates crude oil into Gasoline, Naphtha, kerosene, diesel, gas oil, fuel oil, and residue.
Term
Reforming
Definition
Changes the gasoline components to increase octane.
produces aromatics for petrochemical industry.
Term
Gasoline components.
Definition
Paraffins, Naphthenese, aromatics.
Term
Catalytic refoming reactions.
Definition
dehydrogenation.
isomerization.
aromatization.
Hydrocracking.
Term
Catalytic reforming unit operating conditions.
Definition
low pressure30-40, high temp, 900-950
feedstock(heavy naptha from hydrotreating unit.
Catalyst
continuous process.
Term
Spare capacity
Definition
spare capacity yeilds lower prices
lack of spare capacity yeilds high prices.
Term
Crude oil prices.
Definition
Make up 72% of gasoline prices. takes about 6 weeks to make its way to pump.
crude oil prices are more volatile.
Term
Current models
Definition
are deterministic, they use forecasts but do not take into account uncertainty.
Term
max profit
Definition
revenue from product - rawmaterial cost - storage cost - lost demand cost - discount.
Term
unloading and distribution models.
Definition
integrated models produced better results. unloading model is driven by results from the production scheduling model and distribution model is driven by results from the production/scheduling model.
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