Term
| An unpleasant state of tension, apprehension, or uneasiness best describes: |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is generally a constant, unwarranted, or from unknown sources; it may be debilitating or harmful in some fashion. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a disorder that causes patients to suddenly panic. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a constantly present fear of something. |
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Definition
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Term
| Events that cause extreme stress and problems after the event describe: |
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Definition
| Post-traumatic Stress Disorder |
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Term
| Anxiety may cause these diseases: |
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Definition
| Insomnia, cardiac problems, etc. |
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Term
| This neurochemical theory of anxiety theorizes that there is a heightened stimulation in the brain by Epi, NE, DA. |
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Definition
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Term
| This neurochemical theory for anxiety states that heightened stimulation results from inhibited inhibitory mechanisms. |
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Definition
| GABA receptor model OR Serotonin model |
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Term
| This neurochemical theory of anxiety states that reduced action of the serotonin neuronal receptor system allows excitation. |
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Definition
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Term
| This class of drugs reduces anxiety and exerts a calming effect. |
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Definition
| Sedatives (anxiolytic drugs |
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Term
| This class of drug produces drowsiness and promotes onset and maintenance of sleep. |
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Definition
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Term
| Recall that GABAa receptors (benzodiazepine receptors are inhibitory. GABAa receptors act through (depolarization/hyperpolarization)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hyperpolarization of a cell ________. |
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Definition
| Inhibits action potential |
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Term
| These drugs bind to chloride channels, enhancing the opening of the channels in the presence of endogenous ligands. |
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Definition
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Term
| Benzodiazepines bind to these receptors: |
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Definition
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Term
| In the presence of GABA, benzodiazepines will cause ________. |
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Definition
| The Cl- channel to open and stay open longer. |
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Term
| Benzodiazepines bind to an allosteric site on GABAa receptors. What is an allosteric site? |
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Definition
| Site that is not the same site that binds the endogenous ligand |
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Term
| The generic name for Valium is |
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Definition
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Term
| The generic name for Xanax is: |
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Definition
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Term
| This benzodiazepine is often used before surgery to reduce pre-op anxiety: |
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Definition
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Term
| Diazepam is used to clinically: |
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Definition
| To treat anxiety, as a sedative, and as an anticonvulsant |
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Term
| Alprazolam is used to treat: |
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Definition
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Term
| Flurazepam has a _______ duration of action. |
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Definition
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Term
| Diazepam has a _______ duration of action. |
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Definition
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Term
| Temazepam has an ____________ duration of action. |
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Definition
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Term
| Triazolam has a ______ duration of action. |
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Definition
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Term
| Temazepam and midolazam are sometimes used for: |
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Definition
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Term
| Clonazepam is clinically used for: |
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Definition
| Anticonvulsant (anti-seizure) |
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Term
| The rate of benzodiazepine absorption depends on the drug's _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Benzodiazepines (are/are not) distributed into the placenta and breast milk. |
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Definition
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Term
| Benzodiazepines are metabolized by: |
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Definition
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Term
| Benzodiazepines are excreted in the: |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some of the adverse effects of benzodiazepines? |
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Definition
| Dependence, tolerance, drowsiness and confusion, withdrawal, acute closed-angle glaucoma, depresses CNS |
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Term
| This barbiturate is sometimes used in surgeries as an anesthetic. |
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Definition
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Term
| Thiopental has a ___ duration of action. |
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Definition
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Term
| Pentobarbital has a _________ duration of action. |
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Definition
| Intermediate (Duration of hours) |
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Term
| Phenobarbital has a _______ duration of action. |
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Definition
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Term
| Thiopental is often nicknamed "_____". |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary adverse effect of barbiturates is: |
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Definition
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Term
| Adverse effects of barbiturates include: |
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Definition
| Respiratory depression, enzyme induction, reduce cognition, drowsiness, addiction/dependence, tolerance, and poisoning. |
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Term
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors act by: |
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Definition
| Preventing the reuptake of serotonin in the synaptic cleft |
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Term
| Escitalopram and paroxetine are examples of: |
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Definition
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Term
| This drug acts as an SSRI and can act as a NE reuptake inhibitor. |
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Definition
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Term
| Buspirone is described as a 5-HT1a _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| This drug is a long-term anxiolytic that acts as a partial agonist on 5-HT1a receptors. |
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Definition
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Term
| This 5-HT1a partial agonist has much less adverse effects than benzodiazepines. |
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Definition
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Term
| This hypnotic is used for short-term insomnia, and is notorious for causing hallucinations and sleep walking. |
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Definition
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Term
| Zolpidem binds to the __________ receptor, much like benzodiazepines. |
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Definition
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Term
| Zolpidem is metabolized by CYP ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Adverse effects of zolpidem include: |
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Definition
| Day time drowsiness, anterograde amnesia, increased sedation with anti-depressants, and hallucinations |
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Term
| Eszopiclone is (slowly/rapidly) absorbed. |
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Definition
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Term
| Eszopiclone binds to the ______ receptor. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ezzopiclone is effective for up to _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| This drug is a highly selective, potent MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptor agonist. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ramelteon, unlike zolpidem and eszopiclone, is not a: |
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Definition
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Term
| The MT (melatonin) receptor controls your ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| MT receptors are GPCRs that couple to ___. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| MT2 receptors are thought to help the body: |
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Definition
| Shift between day and night |
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Term
| Adverse effects of ramelteon include: |
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Definition
| Drowsiness, fatigue, headache, hyperprolactinemia, and adrenal insufficiency |
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Term
| Ramelteon is contraindicated in patients with: |
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Definition
| Severe hepatic disease, COPD, alcohol use, and endocrine disease |
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Term
| Hydroxyzine is an _____ that crosses the BBB and acts on __________. |
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Definition
| Antihistamine; H1 receptors |
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Term
| Hydroxyzine is an anxiolytic given to patients with: |
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Definition
| Past history of addiction |
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Term
| Chloral hydrate is an anxiolytic, and its mechanism is: |
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Definition
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