Term
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Definition
Right handed
10bp per twist |
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Term
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Definition
Left handed
Less stable, exposes hydrophobic inner core
Found in viruses |
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Term
| Describe the mechanism of action of actionomycin D |
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Definition
| It intercalates into DNA, interfering with the structure |
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Term
| Do intercalators form covalent bonds? Do alkylating agents? |
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Definition
Intercalators do not form covalent bonds
Alkylating agents do |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action of mechlorethamine hydrochloride (mustard gas)? |
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Definition
Its chlorine arms alkylate the N-9 position of guanine
Since it has 2 arms, it can crosslink, preventing DNA unwinding for replication |
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Term
| List three drugs that target nucleic acid biosynthesis |
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Definition
| Sulfonamides, trimethoprim, pyrimethamine |
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Term
| Describe the mechanism of action of trimethoprim |
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Definition
Trimethoprim prevents the use of folate (can work alongside sulfonamides) by specifically targeting DHFR
Most bacteria cannot transport exogenous folates |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibitor of DHFR, specific for plasmodium species |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action of flucytosine? |
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Definition
| It is an antifungal agent, only fungi have cytosine deaminase that converts flucytosine to 5-FU |
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Term
| Define gyrase/topoisomerase |
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Definition
| Enzymes that introduces negative supercoils into DNA, allowing for unwinding (decatenation) |
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Term
| What antibiotic class inhibit gyrase? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is acyclovir a good anti-cancer agent? |
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Definition
| It's 3' hydroxyl is recognized for chain elongation but it significantly slows down the enzyme |
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Term
| Describe the basic structure of a quinolone |
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Definition
Two ring structures with 1 nitrogen in each
Fluoroquinolones include a fluorine |
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Term
| Describe the mechanism of action of AZT |
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Definition
| Reverse transcriptase inhibitor- the N3 inhibits the enzyme |
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Term
| Describe the mechanism of action of pentostatin |
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Definition
| transition state analog of ADA (aminosine deaminase) |
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Term
| Describe the mechanism of action of allopurinol |
|
Definition
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor
Inhibits HPRT by acting as a xanthine analog |
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Term
| What is the difference between primary and secondary gout? |
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Definition
Primary is when people get it genetically
Secondary is when cancer patients develop gout because of the large number of cells breaking down |
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Term
Describe the mechanism of action of chloramphenicol
How do bacteria become resistant to it? |
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Definition
Stops protein synthesis by inhibiting 50S ribosomal subunit
D-form only
Resistant bacteria get plasmids with a new enzyme, CAT, which acetylates and inactivates chloramphenicol |
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Term
| Describe the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides |
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Definition
Binds to 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes
Resistant bacteria adenylate and phosphorylate them
Synergistic with penicillin |
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Term
| List four aminoglycosides |
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Definition
| Kenamycin, gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin |
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