Term
| Completion of assessment of alignment of auricle |
|
Definition
| Drawing an imaginary line from inner eye canthus to the occiput |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| used to remove excess cerumen from the external auditory meatus |
|
|
Term
| Inspection of tympanic membrane |
|
Definition
Adults - pull auricle up and back
Child - pull lobe down and back |
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Term
|
Definition
movement to positive and negative pressure expected. No movement indicates perforation, acute otitis media with or without effusion.
Must create seal between otoscope speculum and patient's external auditory meatus. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Assesses function of ossicular chain, eustachian tube, and tympanic membrane. Graphic representation of change in compliance of middle ear system as air pressure is varied |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sound heard in good ear if loss is neurosensory. Bad ear if loss is conductive. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Conductive hearing loss - bone conduction will be heard as long as or longer than air conduction in affected ear
Sensorineural hearing loss - air conduction heard long than bone |
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Term
|
Definition
Near second upper molar and has whitish yellow or whitish pink appearance.
Parotid duct outlets |
|
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Term
|
Definition
outlets of submandibular gland
found on each side of frenulum under tongue |
|
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Term
| Reasons for tracheal deviation |
|
Definition
Pulled toward affected lung in volume loss (fibrosis or atelectasis)
Pulled away from affected side in thyroid enlargement or pleural effusion
Pneumothorax: away from affected side in tension pneumothorax, toward affected side in collapsed lung
Backward: Mediastinal tumors
Forward: in Mediastinitis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| About 4 cm should move easily with swallowing. Right lobe may be larger than left. Firm but pliable |
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Term
|
Definition
Strength of SCM against resisting hand
Shoulder shrug, symmetry and strength |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| reddish inflammation of the lip or lips and production of fissures that radiate from the angles of the mouth |
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Term
|
Definition
| Absence of the sense of smell. It may be due to lesion of the olfactory nerve, obstruction of the nasal fossae, or functional, without any apparent causative lesion. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Microbial destruction or necrosis of teeth. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The soft, brownish yellow, wwaxy secretion (a modified sebum) of the ceruminous glands of the external auditory meatus |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation and cracking of the lips. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A mass of keratinizing squamous epithelium and cholesterol in the middle ear, usually caused by chronic otitis media, with squamous metaplasia or extension of squamous epithelium inward to line an expanding cystic cavity that may involve the mastoid and erode surrounding bone. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Multiple small, white, epithelial inclusion cysts found in the midline of the palate in newborn infants. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ectopic sebaceous glands of the buccal mucosa appearing as small yellow-white raised lesions found on the inner surface and vermilion border of the lips. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Small fold of tissue that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the gingiva (gums) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Small red spots with bluish-white centers on the buccal mucosa opposite the molar teeth, appearing in the prodromal stage of measles. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Circumscribed, firmly attached, thick white patches on the tongue and other mucous membranes, often occurring as a precancerous growth. Often this is associated with pipe smoking and snuff. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Area of the throat that is located between the mouth and nasopharynx. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the external auditory canal, usually due to bacterial or fungal infection; swimming, cerumen accumulation, foreign body, and trauma may all be predisposing factors. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation/infection of the middle ear or tympanum. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Deep infection in the space between the soft palate and tonsil. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation/infection of the mucous membrane and underlying parts of the pharynx |
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Term
|
Definition
| Impairment of hearing due to aging. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the nasal mucosa |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A thin watery discharge from the nose |
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Term
|
Definition
| An auditory sensation in the absence of sound heard in one or both ears, such as ringing, buzzing, hissing or clicking. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Small, whitish uric acid crystals along the peripheral margins of the auricles in persons who may have gout. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A bony protuberance on the lingual aspect of the lower jaw in the canine-premolar region. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A bony protuberance in the midline of the hard palate. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The formation of dense connective tissue in the middle ear, often resulting in hearing loss when the ossicles are involved |
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Term
|
Definition
| Use Rosenbaum pocket eye chart. Hold at comfortable distance, no closer than 14 inches |
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Term
|
Definition
Use Snellen chart.
Have patient keep glasses in |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Evaluates peripheral visual fields |
|
|
Term
| Eye Muscles: Look Right and Up |
|
Definition
Right Superior Rectus
Left Inferior Oblique |
|
|
Term
| Eye Muscles: Look Left and Up |
|
Definition
Left Superior Rectus
Right Inferior Oblique |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Right Lateral Rectus
Left Medial Rectus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Left Lateral Rectus
Right medial Rectus |
|
|
Term
| Eye Muscles: Look Right and Down |
|
Definition
Right Inferior Rectus
Left Superior Oblique |
|
|
Term
| Eye Muscles: Look Left and Down |
|
Definition
Left inferior Rectus
Right Superior Oblique |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5-8 mm
Abnormal Differences greater than 1 mm |
|
|
Term
| Abnormal Swinging Light Test |
|
Definition
Efferent (CN 3) defect - Pupil does not constrict
Afferent (CN 2) defect - Pupil constricts when light is shone in other eye |
|
|
Term
| Abnormal Corneal Light Reflexes |
|
Definition
Esotropia: on lateral side of one eye
Exotropia: medial side of one eye
Hypertropia: Bottom of one eye
Hypotropia: Top of one eye |
|
|
Term
| abnormal Cover uncover test |
|
Definition
Esophoria if eye moves outward
Exophoria if eye moves inward |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Adjustment of the eye for various distances through modification of the lens curvature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inequality of the diameter of the pupils; may be normal o rcongenital. often normal if inequality is within 1 mm. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A condition in which part or all of the crystalline lens of the eye is absent, usually because of surgical removal for the treatment of cataracts. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The water transparent liquid containing trace albumin and small amounts of salts produced by the iris, ciliary body, and cornea. It circulates through the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Opaque white ring about corneal periphery, seen in many indiividuals older than 60 years of age. This is due to deposit of lipids in the cornea or to hyaline degeneration.May indicate a lipid disorder, most commony type II hyperlipidemia if present before the 40 years of age (if seen in younger people it is called arcus juvenilis) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| An abnormal condition in which the light rays cannot be focused clearly in a point on the retina because of an irregular curvature of the cornea or lens. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Opacity of the lens; most commonly resulting from denaturation of the lens protein caused by aging. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Small, hard tumor analogous to sebaceous cyst developing on the eye lids, formed by the distention of a meibomian gland with secretion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The middle vascular tunic of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. Dark brown vascular coat of the eye between the sclera and retina, extending from ora serrata to optic nerve. Consists of blood vessels united by connective tissue containing pigmented cells and is made up of five layers. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The thickened part of the vascular tunic of the eye that joins the iris with the anterior portion of the choroid. Consists of three zones: ciliary disk, ciliary crown, and ciliary muscle. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The photosensitive, outward-directed, conical process of a cone cell essential for sharp vision and color vision; cones are the only photoreceptor in the fovea centralis and become interspersed with increasing numbers of rods toward the periphery of the retina. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The mucous membrane investing the anterior surface of the eyeball and the posterior surface of the lids |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by infectious agents or by allergies; commonly called pinkeye. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The clear, transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye comprising about one sixth of its surface. It is the chief refractory structure of the eye. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Perception of spatial relationships; three dimensional perception. The visual ability to judge depth or distance. |
|
|
Term
| Diabetic Retinopathy (background) |
|
Definition
| A condition characterized by dot hemorrhages or microaneurysms and the presence of hard and soft exudates. |
|
|
Term
| Diabetic Retinopathy (proliferative) |
|
Definition
| A condition characterized by development o fnew vessels as a result of anoxic stimulation; vessels grow out of the retina toward the vteous humor. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Refractive power of the lens with focal distance of 1 meter, used as unit of measurement in refraction. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The condition in which a single object is perceived as two objects (double vision) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Tiny yellow or white depositis in the retina of the eye or on the optic nerve head. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Eversion (outward rolling) of an edge or margin; as the edge of the eyelid. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Inversion (inward rolling) of an edge or margin; especially the margin of the lower eyelid. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An increase in the volume of the orbital content, causing a protrusion of the globes forward. It may be bilateral or unilateral. Most common cause of bilateral is Graves' disease. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| An error of refraction in which, with accommodation completely relaxed, parallel rays come to focus behind the retina. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A disease of the optic nerve wherein the nerve cells die, producing increased cupping appearance of the optic nerve. An abnormal condition of elevated pressure within an eye resulting from obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor. Produces defects in the visual field and may result in blindness. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blindness for half the field of vision in one or both eyes. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A suppurative inflammation of sebaceous glands of the eyelid. |
|
|
Term
| Hyperopia (farsightedness) |
|
Definition
| A refractive error in which light rays entering the eye are focused behind the retina. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood in the anterior chamber of the eye in front of the iris. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The colored contractile membrane suspended between the lens and cornea in the aqueous humor of the eye, separating the anterior and posterior chambers of the eyeball and perforated in the center by the pupil. By contraction and dilation it regulates the entrance of light. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the iris. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In the US, a person is usually considered legally blind when vision in the better eye, corrected by glasses, is 20/200 or less, or in the case of a constricted field of vision: 20 degrees or less in the better eye. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal contraction of pupils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition resulting from a refractive error in which light rays entering the eye are brought into focus in front of the retina. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decreased ability to see in reduced illumination. Seen in patients with impaired rod functions; often associated with a deficiency of vitamin A |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Involuntary rhythmic movements of the eyes: the oscillations may be horizontal, vertical, rotary, or mixed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Edema of the optic disc resulting in loss of definition of the disc margin; the cause often is increased intracranial pressure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vision resulting from retinal stimulation beyond the macula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A harmless yellowish triangular node in the bulbar conjunctiva on either side of the iris that stops at the limbus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hyperopia (farsightedness) and impaired near vision from loss of lens elasticity, generally developing during middle age. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A triangular (patch like) thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows slowly to the outer surface of the cornea, usually from the nasal side, and may cover a portion of the cornea. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The drooping of one or both upper eyelids |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The tiny aperture (opening) in the margin of each eyelid that opens to the lacrimal duct. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| A response caused by light illuminating the retina. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The act of determining the nature and degree of the refractive erros in the eye and correction of them by lenses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The sensory network of the eye that transforms light impulses into electrical impulses, which are transmitted through the optic nerve. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A chronic progressive disease, which may occur in childhood, characterized by degeneration of the retinal neuroepithelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An embryonic malignant glioma arising from the retina usually during the first two years of life. Initial diagnostic finding is usually a yellowish or white light reflex seen at the pupil (Cat's eye reflex) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The photosensitive, outward-directed process of rhodopsin-containing rod cell in the external granular layerof the retina; many millions of such rods, together with the cones, form the photoreceptive layer of rods and cones. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A tough white fibrous tissue which covers the so-called white of the eye. It extends from the optic nerve to the cornea |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Superficial and deep inflammation of the sclera. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A condition in which both eyes do not focus on the same object simultaneously, however either eye can focus independently. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid, or the entire uvea. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A transparent jellylike substance that fills the cavity of the eyeball, enclosed by the hyaloid membrane; it is composed of a delicate network (vitreous stroma) enclosing in its meshes a watery fluid (vitreous humor). |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Chest wall seems to cave in at the sternum, between ribs, suprasternal notch, above clavicles, and at lowest costal margins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rapid, usually shallow breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Slower than expected respiratory rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A harsh, high-pitched sound caused by laryngeal or tracheal obstruction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bluish, purplish color caused by insufficient oxygen levels in the blood. |
|
|
Term
| Increased vibration in tactile fremitus |
|
Definition
| Sign of fluids/secretions or a solid mass, diminished or absent sense of vibration suggestive of excess air in the lungs caused by obstruction, emphysema, significant effusion, or collapse of lung tissue. |
|
|
Term
| Normal Diaphragmatic excursion |
|
Definition
3-5 cm
Limited by several conditions such as emphysema, massive ascites, tumor, and fractured ribs. Diaphragm is usually higher on the right side due to the liver. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Headusually during inspiration, discontinuous sounds lasting short periods of time. they are often broken into fine, medium or course crackles.
Do not clear with coughing. Caused by disruption of air passage through the small airways. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sonorous wheeze
Heard usually with expiration, deeper, rumbling, continuous and prolonged. Sounds may clear with coughing. Usually suggest airway obstruction by thick secretions, muscular spasm, or external pressure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sibilant wheeze
Heard continuously during inspiration and expiration. High-pitched musical note like. Higher pitch indicates a worse obstruction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occur outside respiratory tree
Heard in both inspiration and expiration, are dry crackly, grating low-pitched sounds. usually indicates inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alternating periods of apnea and hypnea, period breathing. In 30% of patients with congestive heart failure and seen in many neurological disorders, hemorrhage, infarction, tumors, meningitis, and head trauma involving the brain stem or higher levels of the CNS.
Normal persons can have during sleep or at high altitude |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Very deep, gasping and rapid breathing, seen in metabolic acidosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Short and explosive sounds, more common in children, but also in adults as a sign of respiratory muscle fatigue. An attempt to slow expiration and allow for maximal gas exchange |
|
|
Term
| Adventitious breath sounds |
|
Definition
| Abnormal auscultated breath sounds such as crackles, rhonchi, wheezes and friction rub |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A temporary halt to breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Incomplete expansion of the lung. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increased anteroposterior diameter of the chest, often with some degree of kyphosis; commonly seen with COPD. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An exaggeration of vocal resonance emanating from a bronchus surrounded by consolidated lung tissue (greater clarity and increased loudness of the spoken word). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the bronchioles |
|
|
Term
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
|
Definition
| Disease process which causes decreased ability of the lungs to perform their function of ventilation (nonspecific diagnosis that includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Difficult and labored breathing, shortness of breath. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The auditory quality associated with an increased intensity of the spoken voice along with a nasal quality (e's become stuffy broad a's). May be present in any condition that consolidates lung tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The coughing up of blood or bloodstained sputum from the respiratory tree. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An increased convex curvature of the thoracic Spine |
|
|
Term
| Vesicular Normal Breath Sounds |
|
Definition
| Heard over most of the lung fields; low pitch, soft and short expirations. |
|
|
Term
| Tubular normal breath sounds |
|
Definition
| Heard only over trachea, high pitch; loud and long expirations, sometimes a bit longer than inspiration. |
|
|
Term
| Bronchovesicular normal breath sounds |
|
Definition
| Heard over main bronchus area and over upper right posterior lung field; medium pitch; expiration equals inspiration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shortness of breath that begins or increases when the patient lies down. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A striking transmission of voice sounds through the pulmonary structures, so that they are clearly audible through the stethoscope; commonly occurs from lung consolidation. |
|
|
Term
| Pectus carinatum (Pigeon chest) |
|
Definition
| Forward protrusion of the sternum |
|
|
Term
| Pectus excavatum (Funnel chest) |
|
Definition
| Depression of the sternum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Quality of the sound heard on percussion of a hollow structure such as the chest or abdomen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rapid, usually shallow, breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A tremor or vibration in any part of the body detected on palpation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The transmission of a whisper in the same way as that of more readily audible speech, commonly, detected when the lung is consolidated by pneumonia (increase in the volume of voice sounds). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pigmented area surrounding the nipple |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lactation not associated with childbearing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormally large mammary glands in the male; sometimes may excrete milk. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The production and secretion of milk from the breast. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the breast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The beginning of femal pubertal breast development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hard and discrete = malignancy
rapid enlargement and no signs of inflammation = malignancy
slow enlargement over weeks or months = benign
tender = inflammatory
pulsatile = artery, nodes don't pulsate
enlarged left-sided supraclavicular node = thoracic or abdominal malignancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ecchymosis around the umbilicus due to internal bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hook fingers at mid-clavicular line and have patient take a deep breath.
Positive Murphy's sign is when patient has inspiratory arrest. Sign of gallbladder problems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
When you suspect peritoneal irritation from acute appendicitis.
Palpate on line from ASIS to umbilicus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Positive obturator test: Increased abdominal pain with internal and external rotation (inflammed appendix)
Positive Iliopsoas Test: Increased abdominal pain with hipflixion (appendix or peritoneum irritation)
Rebound Tenderness
Positive Heel jar test (Increased abdominal pain)
Rovsing's Sign: Right lower quadrant pain increased when papating left lower quadrant. Equivalent to rebound tenderness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abdominal pain radiating to left shoulder. Class ic for pain associated with spleen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In ascites, dullness shifts to dependent side as fluid resettles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pain or distress occurs in area of the patients heart or stomach on palpation of McBurney's point
Appendicitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fixed dullness to percussion in the left flank and dullness in the right flank that disappears on change of position.
Peritoneal irritation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rebound Tenderness
Peritoneal Irritation; appendicitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Absence of bowel sounds in right lower quadrant.
Intussusception. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pain down the medial aspect of the thigh to the knees.
Strangulated obturator hernia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A balloon-like swelling of the wall of an artery, vein, or heart; generally the result of a congenital defect in the wall or degenerative disease or infection (example: atherosclerosis or syphilis); dissecting aneurysm i slongitudinal splitting of the arterial wall from hemorrhage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of serous fluid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A palpation technique used in detecting or examining a floating object in the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a gurgling, splashing ound heard over the large intestine; caused by passage of flatus through the intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the gallbladder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stone formation in the gallbladder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A chronic disease of the liver characterized by fibrosis and alteration of normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spasm in any hollow tubular soft organ accompanied by pain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Difficult defecation; infrequent defecation with passage of unduly hard dry fecal material; sluggish action of the bowels. Often this is defined as less tha three bowel movements per week. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Frequent liquid or loos stools lasting less than four weeks in duration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Painful or difficult bowel movement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Imperfect digestion. Not a disease in itself but symptomatic of other diseases or disorders. Characterized by vague abdominal discomfort, a sense of fullness after eating, eructation, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting, and loss of appetite. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An abnormal tube like passage from a normal cavity or tube to a free surface or to another cavity. May be congenital due to incomplete closure of parts or may results from abscesses, injuries, or inflammatory processes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Burning gnawing pain in mid-epigastrium worsens with recumbency. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Passage of stool containing blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protrusion of an organ or tissue through an opening in the muscle wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pigmentation of the tissues, membranes, and secretions of the eye with bile pigment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prolapse or telescoping of one segment of intestine into another, causing intestinal obstruction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition characterized by yellowness of the skin, mucous membranes, and body fluids due to deposition of bile pigment resulting from excess bilirubin in the blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abdominal pain radiating to the left shoulder, due to peritoneal irritation from blood or other irritants. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Evacuations resembling tar, due to action of intestinal juices on free blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The wavelike motion by which alimentary tract propels its content. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Narrowing of the pyloric orifice. This may be due to excessive thickening of the circular muscle of the pylorus or hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the mucosa and submucosa. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A return or backward flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Streaks or lines (with a silvery white or purplish hue); skin striae result from weakening of the elastic tissue associated with pregnancy, eight gain, rapid growth periods, and high levels of corticosteroids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A low pitched resonant, drumlike osund heard while percussing the surface of a large, air containing body space. |
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Term
|
Definition
| White, cheesy substance that may be found on foreskin |
|
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Term
| Lymphatic drainage of male genitalia |
|
Definition
Penile and scrotal surface -> inguinal nodes
Testes -> abdomen |
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Term
|
Definition
| Foreskin cannot be retracted |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of teh glans in an uncircumcised patient |
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Term
|
Definition
| Round or pinpoint opening of urethra |
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Term
|
Definition
| congenital condition in which meatus is located more ventrally |
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Term
|
Definition
| Congenital condition in which meatus is located more dorsally |
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Term
|
Definition
| Viscera directly penetrates inguinal triange (borders are inferior epigastric artery, rectus abdominis, inguinal ligament). Bulge is superior and medial to the inguinal ligament. Viscera felt against side of finger. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hernia passes through inguinal canal. Bulge created as viscera passes through inguinal ring so it can be palpated over inguinal ligament. |
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Term
|
Definition
Asymptomatic. Water discharge. Dysuria.
Confirm dx with NAAT (urine sample) |
|
|
Term
| Condyloma acuminata: Males |
|
Definition
Asymptomatic. ruritis, bleeding, burning tenderness, can interfere with defecation and intercourse.
HPV types 16 and 18 |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Dysuria. Penile discharge. Testicular pain. Pain with defecation. Pharyngitis.
Ceftriaxone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fever, malaise, painful genital lesions, headache, and dysuria.
Acyclovire or famciclovire. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Fatigue, non-specific symptoms, recurrent infections, infections with typically benign organisms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Treponema Palidum
Primary- painless
Secondary - gummas
Tertiary - Systemic |
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Term
|
Definition
Yellowish green or gray - Trichomonal vaginitis, vaginal mucosa may be red with petechial
White and Curdy - Candidal Vaginitis
Gray or white thin disharge - Bacterial vaginosis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Uterus is tipped toward the front of the abdomen |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Body and fundus of the uterus flex forawd at the the cervix |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| tilting backwards of the entire uterus toward teh spine |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Body of the uterus is angled backward in relation to the cervix |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Yellow drainage from cervix. Urethritis. Asymptomatic
Azithromycin or doxycycline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Unpleasant odor.
Gray or white and thin discharge. Clue cells seen on mount. |
|
|
Term
| condyloma acuminata: Female |
|
Definition
| Asymptomatic, pruritis, bleeding,tenderness. If large, the mass can interfere with defecation or intercourse. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Urethritis, yellowish cervical discharge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fever, malaise, painful genital lesions, headache, and dysuria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fatigue, non-specific symptoms, recurrent infections, infections with typically benign organisms. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Absence or suppression of menstruation |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A bluish discoloration of the cervix that normally occurs with pregnancy at 6-8 weeks duration. |
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Term
|
Definition
| That period that marks the cessation of a woman's reproductive period (female climacteric or menopause); a corresponding period of lessening of sexual activity in the male (male climacteric) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A small bud of erectile tissue (homolog of the penis) and a primary center of sexual excitement. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the urinary bladder usually occurring secondary to ascending infections and invovle associated organs (kidney, prostate, urethra). |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A bladder hernia, injury to the vesicovaginal fascia during delivery may allow the bladder to pouch into the vagina causing a cystocele |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Involves the opening of the cervical canal to allow for the passage of the fetus. Process is measured in centimeters and progresses from a closed os (internal) to 10 centimeters (full dilation). |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Painful or difficult menstruation, either primary or secondary. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Painful sexual intercourse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Painful or difficult urination, symptomatic of numerous conditions. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Refers to the thinning of the cervix that results when myometrial activity pulls the cervix upwards, allowing the cervix to become part of the lower uterine segment during prelabor and early labor. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the epididymis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The accumulation of serous fluid in a saclike cavity, esp. in the tunica vagnialis testis; serous tumors of the testes or associated parts. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inability of the male to achieve and/or maintain penile erection. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The first menstruation and initiation of cyclic menstrual function. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Excessive beeding during a menstrual period that is longer in duration than usual. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Irregular or excessive bleeding during menstruation and between menstrual periods |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Menstrual bleeding at irregular intervals, sometimes prolonged, but of expected amount. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diminished amounts of urine formation or scanty urine production (frequently defined as less than 500 mL in 24 hours); results in inefficient excretion of the products of metabolism. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Excessive excretion and discharge of urine. The urine does not as a rule, contain abnormal constituents. Several hundred ounces a day must be voided. it is pale in color. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Pus in the urine; evidence of renal disease |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Protrusion or herniation of posterior vaginal wall with the anterior wall of the rectum through the vagina. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The relationship of the presenting part to the ischial spines of the mother's pelvis. The measurement is determined by centimeters above and below the ischial spines and is recorded by plus and minus signs. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Twisting of the testis on the spermatic cord. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the urethra. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The inability to retain urine |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Leakage of urine due to increased intraabdominal pressure that can occur from coughing, laughing, exercise, or lifting heavy things. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The inability to hold urine once the urge to void occurs. Causes of this abnormality can be local genitourinary conditions, such as infection or tumor; or central nervous system disorders, such as stroke. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Mechanical dysfunction resulting from an overdistended bladder. Many causes; anatomic obstruction by prostatic hypertrophy and strictures; neurologic abnormalities that impair detrusor contractility, such as MS; spinal lesions. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Banormal tortuosity and idlation of veins of the pampiniform plexus within the spermatic cord. Associated with reduced fertility, probably from increased venous pressure and elevated testicular temperature. |
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|
Term
| Checking skin temperature |
|
Definition
Use dorsal surface fo your hands or fingers to assess skin temperature.
Compare skin temperature bilaterally.
Note the skin temperature of any red areas. |
|
|
Term
| Abnormal skin temperature results |
|
Definition
Generalized increases in temperature may be caused by fever or hyperthyroidism, while generalized decrease in temperature may be caused by hypothyroidism.
Localized skin warmth may indicate cellulitis. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Varies over body with the thinnest skin on the eyelids and thickest skin on areas of pressure or rubbing. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Thickening of the skin, particularly on the palms and soles may be a sign of a systemic disorder including arsenic or other toxic exposures. |
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Term
|
Definition
Gently pull or pinch skin on the forearm or sternum with thumb and forefinger
Release skin and observe the time to return
Slowed in dehydration |
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|
Term
| Things to note about skin lesions |
|
Definition
size
shape and pattern
color
texture
elevation or depression
anatomic location and distribution
exudate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Uniformly tan or brown
All moles on one person tend to look alike |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Mixture of tan, brown, black, and red/pink.
Moles on one person often do not look alike. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Round or oval with a clearly defined border that separates the mole from the surrounding skin. |
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Term
|
Definition
Irregular borders may include notches.
May fade into surrounding skin and include a flat portion level with skin. |
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Term
|
Definition
Begins as flat, smooth spot on skin.
Becomes raised
Forms a smooth bump |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| May be smooth, slightly scaly, or have a rough, irregular, "pebbly" appearance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Usually less than 6 mm (the size of a pencil eraser) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Often larger than 6 mm and sometimes larger than 10mm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 10-40 moles scattered over the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Many persons do not have increased number; however, persons severely affected may have more than 100 moles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Usually above the waist on sun-exposed surfaces of the body.
Scalp, breast, and buttocks rarely have normal moles. |
|
|
Term
| Dysplastic mole: Location |
|
Definition
May occur anywhere on the body, but most commonly on the back.
May also appear below the waist and on scalp, breasts, and buttocks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sterilize skin in area to be biopsied and administer a local anesthetic.
Use thumb and forefinger of non-dominant hand to apply tension to the skin.
Place the punch perpindicular over the lesion.
Both abnormal and normal tissue should be picked up.
Apply a slight downward pressure while gently rotating the punch.
Lift the punch out of the skin.
If necessary based on the size of the punch, suture the wound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psoriasis, fungal infections of the nail, and chronic respiratory diseases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| From antimalarial drug therapy, candida infection, hyperbilirubinemia,or chronic trauma. |
|
|
Term
| Green to black discolorations |
|
Definition
| Pseudomonas infection or injury to nail bed. |
|
|
Term
| Single blue or black nail |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Red or brown streaks (splinter hemorrhages) |
|
Definition
| Endocarditis, vasculitis, severe psoriasis, or minor injury to the proximal nail fold. |
|
|
Term
| longitudinal white streaks or transverse white bands |
|
Definition
Systemic disorder
heavy metal poisoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Associated with psoriasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| May be associated with lichen planus of the nail or repeated injury to the nail as with chronic manipulation of the proximal nail fold. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seen in chronic paronychia or eczyma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Often from a temporary stress interrupting nail formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| May be normal variant or may occur with lichen planus of the nails |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not firm when squeezing nail between thumb and pad of finger. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ask patient to place dorsal surfaces of the fingertips of right and left together.
Diamond shaped window should be visible.
If no visible window and increased angle between the tips, clubbing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lubricate index finger
Press lubricated finger pad agaisnt opening.
have patient bear down to relax sphincter
slip into canal
have patient tighten |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lax sphincter - neurological defect
Excessively tight sphincter - may result from scarring, spasticity caused by a fissue or other lesion, or inflammation
Indurations - may result from inflaammation, scarring, or malignancy
irregular border - may result from rectal cancer extreme tenderness - may result from anal fistula |
|
|
Term
| Anus and rectal exam Steps |
|
Definition
Observe sacrococcygeal (pilonidal) and perianal characteristics
Anal characteristics
Assess sphincter tone
Assess muscular ring
Palpate rectal walls
Stool Assessment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Grade I: 1-2 cm protrusion
Grade II: 2-3 cm protrusion
Grade III: 3-4 cm protrusion
Grade IV: more than 4 cm protrusion |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of prostatic enlargement |
|
Definition
N-octuria
U-rine dribble
T-rouble voiding
S-mall urine stream |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| From antimalarial drug therapy, candida infection, hyperbilirubinemia,or chronic trauma. |
|
|
Term
| Green to black discolorations |
|
Definition
| Pseudomonas infection or injury to nail bed. |
|
|
Term
| Single blue or black nail |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Red or brown streaks (splinter hemorrhages) |
|
Definition
| Endocarditis, vasculitis, severe psoriasis, or minor injury to the proximal nail fold. |
|
|
Term
| longitudinal white streaks or transverse white bands |
|
Definition
Systemic disorder
heavy metal poisoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Associated with psoriasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| May be associated with lichen planus of the nail or repeated injury to the nail as with chronic manipulation of the proximal nail fold. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seen in chronic paronychia or eczyma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Often from a temporary stress interrupting nail formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| May be normal variant or may occur with lichen planus of the nails |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not firm when squeezing nail between thumb and pad of finger. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ask patient to place dorsal surfaces of the fingertips of right and left together.
Diamond shaped window should be visible.
If no visible window and increased angle between the tips, clubbing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lubricate index finger
Press lubricated finger pad agaisnt opening.
have patient bear down to relax sphincter
slip into canal
have patient tighten |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lax sphincter - neurological defect
Excessively tight sphincter - may result from scarring, spasticity caused by a fissue or other lesion, or inflammation
Indurations - may result from inflaammation, scarring, or malignancy
irregular border - may result from rectal cancer extreme tenderness - may result from anal fistula |
|
|
Term
| Anus and rectal exam Steps |
|
Definition
Observe sacrococcygeal (pilonidal) and perianal characteristics
Anal characteristics
Assess sphincter tone
Assess muscular ring
Palpate rectal walls
Stool Assessment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Grade I: 1-2 cm protrusion
Grade II: 2-3 cm protrusion
Grade III: 3-4 cm protrusion
Grade IV: more than 4 cm protrusion |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of prostatic enlargement |
|
Definition
N-octuria
U-rine dribble
T-rouble voiding
S-mall urine stream |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A bluish discoloration of the hands and feet may be present at birth and may persist for several days or longer if the newborn is kept in cool ambient temperatures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shaped like a ring; used to describe a lesion that forms a ring around a clear center of normal skin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thinning of skin surface and loss of skin markings; skin translucent and paper-like. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vesicle greater than 1 cm in diameter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A facial discoloration common during prenancy; also called the mask of pregnancy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Referring to lesions that run together. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dried serum, blood, or purulent exudates; slightly elevated; size varied; brown, red black, tan, or straw-colored. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A marbled or mottled appearance to the skin of a newborn when exposed to decreased temperatures; occurs because the newborn's immature vascular systems are unable to adapt to temperature changes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elevated circuscribed, encapsulated lesion; in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or semi-solid material. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Referring to a lesion that follows a nerve or segment of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Loss of part of the epidermis; depresed, moist, glistening; follows rupture of a vesicle or bulla. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Loss of the epidermis to the dermis; may be moist or dry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis; may be moist or dry. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation and infection of the hair follicle and surround dermis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A deep-seated infection of the pilosebaceous unit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A skin coloration that occurs in some newborns in response to changes in position. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Irregular-shaped, elevated progressively enlarging scar; grows beyond the boundaries of the wound; caused by excessive collagen formation during healing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fine, silky hair of newborns skin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irritation; often involves flexor surface of extremity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A flat, circumscribed area that is a change in the color of the skin; less than 1cm in diameter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Areas of deep bluish-gray pigmentation most commonly on the sacral aspect of a newborn. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion; deep;er in dermis than a papule; 1-2 cm in diameter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An elevated firm, circumscribed area; less than 1 cm in diameter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A flat, nonpalpable, irregular shaped macule greater than 1 cm in diameter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tiny, flat purple or red spots on the skin surface, resulting from minute hemorrhages within the dermal layer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elevated, superficial lesion; similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Heaped-up, keratinized cells; flaky skin, irregular; thick or thin; dry or oily; variation in size. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thin to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin following injury or laceration to the dermis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fine, irregular, red lines produced by capillary dilation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elevated and solid lesion; may or may not be clearly demarcated; deeper in dermis; greater than 2 cm in diameter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elevated, irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid, transiet, variable diameter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Loss of epidermis and dermis; concave, varies in size. |
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|
