Term
| Spinal autonomic reflexes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lie within autonomic ganglia (like interneurons in CNS)-modulate the pathway |
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Term
Location of Sympathetic Exit from spinal cord Parasympathetic |
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Definition
sym exit- thoracic and lumbar para exit- brain stem and sacral |
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Term
| major parasympathetic tract exiting brain |
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Definition
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Term
| Vagus nerve caries (two things) to/from viscera |
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Definition
1. Sensory afferent 2. Efferent parasympathetic |
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Term
| Four targets of the autonomic neurons |
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Definition
1. Smooth muscle 2. Cardiac Muscle 3. lots of exocrine, few endocrine 4. some adipose tissue (brown fat) |
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Term
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Definition
| synapse between postganglionic autonomic neuron and its target cell |
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Term
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Definition
| swollen areas, like beads on a string, filled with neurotransmitter, at the end of autonomic neurons |
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Term
| sympathetic varicosities have receptors for... |
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Definition
| hormones and paracrines such as histamine |
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Term
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Definition
released by adrenal medulla, primarily epinephrine |
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Term
| Most Autonomic Preganglionic neurons release_____ onto________ |
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Definition
1. ACh 2. cholenergic nicotinic receptors |
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Term
| Postganglionic sympathetic release_______ onto _________. |
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Definition
norephinephrine adrenergic receptors |
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Term
| Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons secrete_______ onto__________. |
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Definition
ACh cholinergic muscarinic receptors which are usuallye G-protein couple receptors used for transduction |
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Term
| type of adrenergic receptor for sympathetic |
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Definition
| alpha 1, strongly responds to norepine. |
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Term
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Definition
Heart respond equally well to epi. and norepi. |
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Term
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Definition
| found in places not innervated, more sensitive to epinephrine, which is secreted into blood. (also found in airways and blood vessels) |
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Term
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Definition
| given to patients with high BP-blocks sympathtic inervation, and lowers heart rate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| membrane of muscle opposite an axon terminal |
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Term
| active zone of motor end plate |
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Definition
| near top, where ACh receptors cluster |
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Term
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Definition
most common disorder of neuromuscular junction body generates antibodies against nicotinic ACh receptors -double vision, droppy eyelids, tired, difficulty chewing/swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
actin is a globular protein (G-actin) G actin polymerize to form long filaments (F-actin) 2 F actin twist together to form thin filament |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-large elastic molecule -From Z disk to M line -stabalizes contractile proteins -helps return contracted musle to original length |
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Term
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Definition
Inelastic Giant protein -runs along thin filaments, attaches to Z disk -helps Titin align thin filaments |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy released from ATP is used to make a conformational change in the myosin head |
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Term
| Rigor State of muscle contraction |
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Definition
| myosin-actin are tightly bound, no ATP |
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Term
| Dihydropyridine receptor (DHP) function |
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Definition
| inside T-tubule sense voltage change, open Ca2+ channels in SR |
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Term
| Muscle Fatigue: Glycogen Depletion |
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Definition
From extended submaximal exertion. 1.ATP not the issue 2.Possible affects Calcium release from SR |
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Term
Muscle Fatigue: hydrogen ion, phosphate accumulation |
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Definition
short-duration maximal effort 1. lactic acid, inorganic phosphate interfere with crossbridge function 2. intercellular acidosis inhibits enzyme function (we need optimal pH range) |
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Term
| Muscle Fatigue: K+ (potassium cation) |
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Definition
1. leaves cell with each AP 2. alters membrane potential decreases calcium release from SR. |
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Term
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Definition
| subjective feelings often precede physiological fatigue |
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Term
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Definition
| state of maximal muscle contraction |
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Term
| unfused tetanus vs fused tetanus |
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Definition
| unfused tetanus has slight relaxation between stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
allows for a sustained contaction limiting fatigue modulate firing rate of motor neurons-> alternates active motor units |
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Term
| Charlie Horse caused by... |
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Definition
| hyperexcitability of somatic motor neuron, it is a sustained painful muscle contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| decreases ACh release from motor neuron=flacid paralysis |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks activity of inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord=rigid paralysis, lockjaw |
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Term
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Definition
| structural protein, can't generate tension w/o it. People with muscular dystrophy have a bad version of this protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| the location where actin filaments bind in smooth muscle cells (analogous to Z disks) |
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Term
Twitch length Smooth Cardiac Skeletal |
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Definition
sm->5 seconds ca->1 sec sk-> 100-200 ms |
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Term
| Where single unit (visceral) smooth muscle is found |
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Definition
blood vessels intestinal tract ureters |
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Term
| single unit smooth muscle properties |
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Definition
| electrically coupled by numerous gap junctions |
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Term
| where multiunit smooth muscle is found |
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Definition
iris ciliary body male repro. uterus (not during contraction) these are used for finer, graded contractions. |
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Term
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Definition
| contraction initiated by the muscle itself |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| modulator: Nitric Oxide (NO) |
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Definition
dialation of blood vessel diameter Cyclic GMP=smooth muscle dialation |
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