Term
| What are the most common operating positions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the operator for a maxillary arch and how is the patient seated |
|
Definition
11:00
Patient is supine/back is parallel to the floor and maxillary arch is 45 ° - 75 ° to the floor. |
|
|
Term
| Where is the operator for a mandibular arch and how is the patient seated |
|
Definition
8-9 or 11
Patient’s back is 30° to the floor.
Mandibular plane is parallel to floor or at slight angle to floor. |
|
|
Term
| Where is the operator for lingual of the mandibular anterior and how is the patient seated |
|
Definition
12:00
Patient is positioned only slightly reclined. The operator can look over the patient’s head. |
|
|
Term
| Where you can you get moisture when working on teeth? |
|
Definition
Saliva
High speed handpiece water spray
Hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 methods of moisture control |
|
Definition
Decrease saliva flow using antisialagoguees or local anesthetics
Absorb moisture with cottons rolls, gauze, cotton pellets
Remove the moisture with saliva ejector (slow) or high volume evacuation (rapid)
Use of a barrier (rubber dam/dental dam) |
|
|
Term
| Can the saliva ejector or high volume evacuation dehydrate tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What side of the dental dam material should be facing towards you? |
|
Definition
| Dull side (will reflect less light than shiny side/ less glare) |
|
|
Term
What is NOT a disadvantage to a dental dam (more than one)?
Time: placement
Lack of contrast
Teeth that are small, malpositioned or not fully erupted
Eliminates only some saliva from working field
Allergies and contact dermatitis to latex |
|
Definition
Lack of contrast (they're usually dark so offers contrast)
Eliminates ALL saliva from working field |
|
|
Term
| What are dental dams held in place by (4) |
|
Definition
clamp
ligature (floss)
interproximal retention (the material itself)
a small piece of the rubber dam material (cut a corner and floss it through contacts) |
|
|
Term
Clamps have
__ prongs (for stability)
__ jaws
__ Bow
__ holes: for floss and for forceps |
|
Definition
4 prongs (for stability)
2 jaws
Bow
2 holes: for floss and for forceps |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean when a clamp has a "W" in the name? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In an anterior clamp, will the wider width between the prongs be on the lingual or facial? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ALL 4 _______ MUST rest on the line angles of the tooth
BELOW the ___ and ___ heights of contour |
|
Definition
ALL 4 Prongs MUST rest on the line angles of the tooth
BELOW the B and Li heights of contour |
|
|
Term
What does an "A" in the name of clamp mean?
What is this clamp helpful for? |
|
Definition
An “A” in the name means the jaws are designed to go sub gingival:
Helpful for incompletely erupted teeth and/or irregularly shaped teeth. |
|
|
Term
| How many hole do you punch in the dental dam if only restoring 1 tooth? |
|
Definition
Punch one for the tooth being restored
Punch one for the tooth posterior to the
tooth being restored
Punch holes anteriorly up to the cuspid
OR
Punch one for the tooth being restored
Punch one for the tooth posterior to the
tooth being restored
Punch two holes for the two teeth
anterior to the one being restored
= 4 holes |
|
|
Term
| If you were restoring #3, where would you punch the holes in the dental dam? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which hole would you use to punch the dental dam? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After placing the clamp on the tooth, do you want to stretch the material anteriorly or take the material off of the wings first? |
|
Definition
| Take material off of the wings using a PFI (plastic filling instrument) before you stretch anteriorly |
|
|
Term
| What would you use to take the material off of the wings? |
|
Definition
| PFI (plastic filling instrument) - PFI W-3 |
|
|
Term
| After stretch the material anteriorly, what do you do to insert the teeth? |
|
Definition
Floss each inter proximal beginning in anterior region (Can stabilize now with a doubled piece of floss)
Tuck material in at gingiva. Use PFI. |
|
|
Term
When removing a rubber dam:
Stretch material to ______ side
Use straight scissors to cut ______ material
Remove ______ then Remove _____
Check for “missing” material |
|
Definition
Stretch material to lingual side
Use straight scissors to cut interseptal material
Remove clamp
Remove rubber dam material
Check for “missing” material |
|
|
Term
| How would you want to cut a hole for a class V restoration? |
|
Definition
| Cut the hole a little larger and facial to the arch |
|
|
Term
Wingless or winged clamp method:
Clamp the tooth first and then stretch material over clamp and the tooth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Wingless or winged clamp method:
Place clamp in the dental dam material first |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Caries enters the enamel and follows the direction of the ___________
Then caries spreads laterally and vertically along the ______
Then caries enters the _____ |
|
Definition
Caries enters the enamel and follows
the direction of the enamel rods
Then caries spreads laterally and
vertically along the DEJ
Then caries enters the dentin |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 rates of progression of caries? |
|
Definition
Rampant: rapid and usually
present on multiple teeth
Chronic: slowly progressing
Arrested: no progression |
|
|
Term
What class are caries in the structural
defects of the teeth (pits and fissures) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What class are caries on the proximal surface of POSTERIOR teeth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What class are caries on the proximal
surface of ANTERIOR teeth (not involving the incisal angle) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What class are caries on the proximal surface of
anterior teeth also
including the incisal angle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What class are caries in the gingival 1/3
of the facial or lingual surfaces of
teeth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What class are caries in the cusp tip or
incisal edge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 biological considerations? |
|
Definition
trauma to tooth
trauma to soft tissues
operator injury |
|
|
Term
| What are the zones (A-F) of carious infection? |
|
Definition
• A – Zone of Decomposed Dentin
• B – Zone of Bacterial Invasion
• C – Demineralized Zone
• D – Dentinal Sclerosis
• E – Zone of Fatty Degeneration
• F – Odontoblastic processes |
|
|
Term
| Mature enamel is ___% inorganic and ____% water (dynamic connection to environment) |
|
Definition
Mature enamel: 96% inorganic
4-12% water -> dynamic
connection to environment |
|
|
Term
True or False:
Acid demineralization, reprecipitation/remineralization,
fluoride uptake and vital therapy are 3D not just surface
events |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
______ dentin 150 microns thick
and 4% less mineralized |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
There are (fewer or more) tubules at periphery of
dentin then adjacent to pulp |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the pulp? |
|
Definition
| Nutritive, sensory and protective |
|
|
Term
| If you place a dry cotton pellet on tooth and it causes pain but a wet pellet does't, what does that indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When using air pressure to test a tooth, would you want to use a short or prolonged air blast?
What test is this effective for? |
|
Definition
short
teeth without caries (exposed root) |
|
|
Term
| What are the different types of pain stimulation to find caries? |
|
Definition
Dessication: dry pellet vs. wet
Air Pressure: short vs.prolonged air blast
Change in osmolarity
Thermal stimuli: expansion vs. contraction |
|
|
Term
| If a patient's tooth bothers them when they eat something sweet, what type of pain is that due to? |
|
Definition
| change in osmolarity (sugar has high osmolarity) |
|
|
Term
How long is an average dentinal tubule?
What runs into the tubule and how far? |
|
Definition
• Average 30,000 / mm
• Odontoblastic process 0.5 – 1.0 mm
into tubule |
|
|
Term
if a patient experiences sensitivity to sharp, localized, and short duration and low threshold, what fiber is innervated?
is it myelinated or unmyelinated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If a patient experiences dull throbbing pain with a high threshold, what fiber is innervated?
Is it myelinated or unmyelinated?
What is this indicative of? |
|
Definition
A fiber
unmyelinated
pulpitits |
|
|
Term
In treating detinal sensitivity, what would you to protect it?
What would you use for mild to moderate sensitivity?
What would you use to physically block the tubules in the sclerotic dentin?
What would you use for sever sensitivity?
What would you use if nothing else seals the dental tubules? |
|
Definition
K oxalate (Protect)
• NaF (Prevident) mild to
moderate
• Strontium F (Sensodyne)
• K nitrate (Denquel) liquid form
good for severe sensitivity
• Unfilled resin |
|
|
Term
| What are the possible etiology of trauma to the tooth? |
|
Definition
• Mechanical / physical
• Thermal
• Chemical
• Bacterial invasion |
|
|
Term
| How would you prevent mechanical trauma of pressure and desiccation (aspiration of odontoblasts) |
|
Definition
- light touch, sharp instruments
- gentle suction, short air blasts |
|
|
Term
| How would you prevent thermal trauma of friction? |
|
Definition
- intermittent contact
- copious water |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology of thermal trauma? |
|
Definition
Friction due to:
- dull burs
- pressure
- large burs > small burs
- diamonds > carbide > stainless |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology of chemical trauma? |
|
Definition
- cleansing
- caries detection
- pulp protection restorative materials |
|
|
Term
| How do you prevent chemical trauma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology to bacterial trauma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the etiology of mechanical injury to adjacent
surfaces on tooth, adjacent tooth, soft tissues or operator |
|
Definition
| inappropriate or lack of finger rest |
|
|
Term
| What is it called when air gets trapped underneath soft tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What can cause
Bicepetal tenovitis/ rotator cuff/ thoraicic outlet syndrome
Carpal tunnel
Ulnar neuoathy
Raynaud’s syndrome
Tendonitis |
|
Definition
• Bicepetal tenovitis/ rotator cuff/
thoraicic outlet syndrome: elbow up
• Carpal tunnel: repeated wrist flexion
• Ulnar neuoathy: excessive wrist
action
• Raynaud’s syndrome: vibratory tools
• Tendonitis: repeated abduction |
|
|
Term
| How would you avoid operator injury? |
|
Definition
• Proper operator position
• Change position periodically to
reduce fatigue |
|
|
Term
| In a hot, hypo-osmotic solution, do the odontoblasts compress or is there tension (stretch)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a drying, cold, and hyper osmotic solution, do the odontoblasts compress or is there tension (stretch)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Amalgam or composit preparation requirement:
90 degree cavosurface margins
90 degrees in areas of occlusion
No depth requirement
1.5 mm minimum depth
No unsupported enamel
Unsupported enamel can exist
Pulpal floor in dentin
Floor can be in enamel or dentin |
|
Definition
90 degree cavosurface margins-amalgam
90 degrees in areas of occlusion-composite
No depth requirement-composite
1.5 mm minimum depth-amalgam
No unsupported enamel-amalgam
Unsupported enamel can exist-composite
Pulpal floor in dentin-amalgam
Floor can be in enamel or dentin-composite |
|
|
Term
In the dentoform preparations
___ (fraction) the distance from central pit to edge of occlusal table
____ mm = maximum isthmus width
____ mm remaining at marginal ridge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Molars – deepest anatomy typically is the ____ pit
Premolars – deepest anatomy is the _______ or ______pit |
|
Definition
Molars – deepest anatomy typically is the central pit
Premolars – deepest anatomy is the mesial or distal pit |
|
|
Term
| How many degrees convergence and divergence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
converge or diverge:
at all cusp ridges (triangular ridge areas)
at all grooves and marginal ridges |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The shape or form of the preparation that provides for adequate observation, accessibility, and ease of operation in preparing and restoring the tooth. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Black’s Steps of Cavity Preparation? |
|
Definition
Establish the Outline form
Develop Resistance form
Develop Retention form
Obtain Convenience form
Remove any remaining carious dentin (Carious enamel has already been removed in establishing the outline form)
Finish the enamel walls
Smooth the enamel and dentin walls; Check to be sure margins are distinct and correct cavosurface angle
Cleanse the preparation (rinse with water then air dry) |
|
|
Term
| What is the unique/prominent ridge on max molars that results in multiple outline forms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If amalgam is the restorative material to be used on a max molar, then there must be ___mm or more sound tooth
structure between the preparations to keep them as separate restorations. |
|
Definition
| 1 (if less than 1 mm then connect the preparations) |
|
|
Term
| What is the minimum amount of sound tooth structure between preparations on max molars when using composite? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What shape are pit preparations most often? |
|
Definition
| Often cylindrical in shape or tear shaped |
|
|
Term
What shape are mandibular molar pit preps?
Do the walls converge, diverge, or parallel?
What bur should you use?
What depth? |
|
Definition
– Tear drop shape
– All walls converge
– 330 or 245 bur
– Or perhaps 169 to have a smaller bur for
the dentoform
-1.25mm |
|
|
Term
| In lingul pits, do the walls converge, diverge, or parallel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In pit preparations, the base of the triangle is position ____ for molars and ______ for anterior teeth? |
|
Definition
| positioned gingivally for molars and incisally for anterior teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Refine margins
• Refine surface finish
• Refine contours
• Refine anatomy
• A smooth surface = comfort and decreases plaque retention |
|
|
Term
| When polishing, what do you want to end with? |
|
Definition
| The least abrasive polishing agent available |
|
|
Term
To place a composite,
etch for ____ seconds
rinse for ____ seconds
True or False:
Remove surface moisture with oil-free air. Keep dentin surface dry |
|
Definition
15
15
False: Remove surface moisture with oil-free air. Leave dentin surface moist |
|
|
Term
| when placing a composite, apply 3M Multi-purpose primer for ___ seconds using brush with pumping action. Evaporate the solvent with a gentle stream of air for ____ sends. The dentin surface should appear _____. If not, reapply the primer. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When applying composite, Apply a thin layer of adhesive, thin with oil-free air and then photo-cure for ___ seconds. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Place resin composite restorative material in the preparation (in increments) and
photo-cure each increment (layer) for ___ seconds. Do not attempt to photo-cure more than __mm thickness. Apply and cure composite using techniques to compensate for
shrinkage.
Final photo-cure the restoration from the occlusal (and from the proximal if restoring a
Class II) for ____ seconds after finishing & polishing is completed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When placing a composite, when not using a dental dam, what should you use? |
|
Definition
| cotton rolls and saliva ejector |
|
|
Term
True of False:
When etching, being in the dentin surface and then apply to the enamel margins |
|
Definition
False
Begin at the enamel margins of the
preparations and then immediately add etchant on
the dentin surfaces. (Dentin is typically not etched for as many seconds as the enamel.) |
|
|
Term
True or False:
Darker composites and more opaque composites
require longer curing times per increment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How should you apply and cure composite to compensate for shrinkage? |
|
Definition
| oblique layering (not horizontal) -this avoids tying 2 walls together during polymerization process |
|
|
Term
Paddle shape, cylindrical placement instrument, PKT-3R
Which is used to create occlusal grooves and "valleys" between ridges
Which is useful for placing composite and smearing the material into the prep's nooks and crannies
Which is useful to push material into the prep and aid in shaping the occlusal anatomy |
|
Definition
PKT-3R
paddle shape
cylindrical |
|
|
Term
Which hand piece should you use to remove/finish >1 or 2 mm thick of composite?
<1mm thick? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hand piece should used to polish? |
|
Definition
usually the slow speed handpiece with the
latch attachment |
|
|
Term
| What is the polishing order when using the Enhance system? |
|
Definition
‐ Finishing bur – red stripe
‐ Finishing bur – white stripe
‐ Enhance system – polishing point and then
polishing pastes |
|
|
Term
| Is the red or white strip finishing bur more efficient? Why? |
|
Definition
red stripe is more efficient
than the white stripe. White stripe has
more blades than the red striped burs.
The stripes are unique to this brand of
finishing burs. |
|
|
Term
Which shape finishing bur is most useful on the occlusal surface?
Which is good at the groove? |
|
Definition
round and egg
bullet or needle |
|
|
Term
| What is any element that ionizes positively in a solution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 categories of materials? |
|
Definition
| metals, ceramics, polymers |
|
|
Term
What material is conductive, reactive, ductile.
What type of bonding is this |
|
Definition
metals
electrons delocalized (metallic bonding |
|
|
Term
What material is is low conductivity, low reactivity, and brittle?
What type of bonding is this |
|
Definition
ceramic
electron transferred (ionic bonding) |
|
|
Term
What material is low conductivity, versatile, and polymerization shrinkage?
What type of bonding is this? |
|
Definition
polymers
covalent bonding (electrons shared) |
|
|
Term
What physical properties does this contribute to?
efficient packing of atoms
free floating electron act as charge carriers
free floating electrons act as carrier of thermal energy
free floating electrons obstruct and reflect photons of light |
|
Definition
High density → Is due to efficient packing of atoms
Electrical Conductivity → Free floating electrons act as charge carriers
Thermal Conductivity → Free floating electrons act as carriers of thermal energy
Opacity → The free floating electrons obstruct and reflect photons of light |
|
|
Term
What is a smallest patterned collection of atoms that repeats in space?
What type material has this structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the flaws in metallic crystals called (an extra row of atoms or a row missing atoms)?
What does this allow? |
|
Definition
dislocation
allow atomic centers to slide past each other one plane at a time, less force is required compared to moving the entire crystal of metal |
|
|
Term
| What is a material with a combination of 2 or more metals (ex: amalgam)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which does alloying NOT do?
improves strength
increases melting point
improves biocompatibility
improves bonding with porcelain |
|
Definition
| increases melting (it REDUCES melting point) |
|
|
Term
| What stops dislocation movement of metals thereby preventing atomic sliding and hence deformation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of alloys? |
|
Definition
Cast
Wrought (need machine) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of cast alloys? |
|
Definition
solid solution alloys
eutectics
peritectics |
|
|
Term
| What is characterized by complete miscibility of alloying elements in both the solid and liquid state (most common type in dentistry) |
|
Definition
| solid solution alloys (solute atoms occupy the lattice positions of the solvent = gold + copper) |
|
|
Term
Why are solid solution alloys highly biocompatible?
Are they are more or less ductile and more or less hard than eutectic and peritectic alloys? |
|
Definition
Highly biocompatible due to a single phase
Higher ductility than the eutectic and peritectic alloys
Lower hardness compared to the eutectic and peritectic alloys |
|
|
Term
| What type of alloy is used for inlays and crowns and bridges? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do alloys have a melting point? |
|
Definition
| No, they have a melting RANGE |
|
|
Term
| What alloy is characterized by incomplete solubility of the alloying elements in the solid state (presence of 2 or more phases, microstructure show grains composed either solely of metal A or metal B)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which alloy are most people allergic to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why type of alloy is it when 2 alloying elements react to form a new compound (intermetalic compound - amalgam) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is alloy is most brittle and hardest materials seen in dentistry? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gives information of phases such as composition at a given temperature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wrought structures _____ on heating. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the primary bonds of a polymer?
What are the weaker secondary bonds? |
|
Definition
covalent
van der waals and hydrogen bonding |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between thermoset and thermoplastic |
|
Definition
thermoset- lots of cross linking loses ability for seat to separate strands so will not melt (will burn)
thermoplastic- susceptible to softening by heating |
|
|
Term
thermoplastic or thermoset:
polymethacrylate
resin composites |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the acrylic resin used for denture bases, ortho appliance, and temporary crowns? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 steps to polymerization |
|
Definition
initiation
propagation
termination |
|
|
Term
| The _______ acts as a catalyst for the ________ to form free radical |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is a compound of two or more distinctly
different materials with properties that are
superior or intermediate to those of the
individual constituents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the phases in composite structure? |
|
Definition
| matrix phase (continuous) and dispersed phase (particulates) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 components of composite resin? |
|
Definition
resin matrix (continuous phase)
filler particles (dispersed phase)
silane coupling agent (forms the chemical bond) |
|
|
Term
| What do you have to add to resin matrix oligomers in order to add the filler particles in composite? |
|
Definition
| diluant (TEGGMA) to make it runnier |
|
|
Term
What was wrong with quartz as a filler particle?
what was wrong with silica glass? |
|
Definition
quartz- too hard, like sandpaper so would wear away opposing teeth and resin matrix
silica glass-radiolucent (couldn't't tell if decay) so had to include additives to make it radiopaque |
|
|
Term
| Which composite material (Resin matrix, Filler particles, Silane coupling agent) most contribute to physical properties and clinical characteristic |
|
Definition
filler particles (and the volume percent of filler loading)
We want as much filler as we can get for strength!! |
|
|
Term
| When a composite shrinks, what part (Resin matrix, Filler particles, Silane coupling agent) is actually shrinking? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Use a __________ as the first increment in a class 2 restoration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How would you want the shading to be in restoration? |
|
Definition
1. opaque dentin
2. regular body
3. translucent enamel |
|
|
Term
| When a composite shrinks, what part (Resin matrix, Filler particles, Silane coupling agent) is actually shrinking? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Use a __________ as the first increment in a class 2 restoration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How would you want the shading to be in restoration? |
|
Definition
1. opaque dentin
2. regular body
3. translucent enamel |
|
|
Term
| What single operator variable most significantly affects the clinical performance of the composite restoration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 things we need to be aware of when polymerizing composite? |
|
Definition
Degree of conversion- want more propagation
Depth of cure-how much restoration can be put in at once w/o difference between top and bottom
• Polymerization shrinkage- more polymerized, more shrinking |
|
|
Term
| Power + time = ____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is energy density affected by? |
|
Definition
Distance
path of light
thickness of material |
|
|
Term
| Are you more likely to have marginal leakage on a Cl 1/5 or a Cl 4? |
|
Definition
Cl 1/5 because all sides are restrained except 1 so a lot of stress
Cl 4 has stress relief from 5 dimensions |
|
|
