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Definition
| Situated on top of the kidneys and consists of the cortex and medulla. |
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Definition
| In response to stress the anterior pituitary stimulates this to produce adrenocortical steroids, or corticosteroids. |
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Definition
| An adrenocortical steroid such as cortisol or cortisone that are involved in glucose regulation and protein metabolism. They raise blood glucose levels by promoting protein breakdown and gluconeogenesis. |
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Definition
| Adrenocortical steroids such as aldosterone that regulate plasma levels of sodium and extracelular water volume. |
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Definition
| Causes Na re-absorption in the nephron of the kidneys which causes greater water retention which increases blood volume and blood pressure. Stimulated by Angiotensin II and inhibited by ANP |
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Definition
| Andrenocortical steroids that secret androgens (sex hormones. |
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Definition
| Glands that produce epinephrine and norepinephrine which stimulates the "fight or flight" response. |
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Term
| Epinephrine / Norepinephrine |
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Definition
| Hormones produced by the adrenal medulla that increases the conversion of glycogen to glucose in liver and muscle tissues. Also increases the rate and strength of the heartbeat and increases blood supply to skeletal muscles, heart and brain while decreasing blood supply to digestive tract, skin, and kidneys. |
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Term
| Pituitary gland (Hypophysis) |
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Definition
| Small trilobed gland at the base of the brain connected to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum. |
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Definition
| Slender cord that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus. |
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Definition
| Gland that synthesizes direct hormones and tropic hormones. Regulated by hormones released by the hypothalamus. |
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Definition
| Hormone that directly stimulates target organ. Examples are Growth hormone and prolactin. |
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Definition
| Direct hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates milk production in female mammary glands. |
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Definition
| Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates other glands to release hormones such as ACTH, TSH, LH, FSH, MSH, and Endorphins. |
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Term
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates adrenal cortex to synthesize and secret glucocorticoids. |
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Term
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) |
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Definition
| Tropic hormone from the anterior pituitary that stimulates thyroid gland to synthesize and release thyroid hormones. |
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Definition
| Tropic hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary that stimulates ovulation and formation of corpus luteum. Regulates progesterone secretion in women and stimulates interstitial cells of the testes to synthesize testosterone in men. |
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Term
| Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis) |
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Definition
| Gland that stores and releases hormones (oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH; vasopressin)) synthesized by the neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus. |
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Definition
| Hormone synthesized at the hypothalamus and released at the anterior pituitary that is secreted during chidbirth that increases the strength and frequency of uterine muscle contractions. |
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Term
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH; vasopressin) |
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Definition
| Increase permeability of the nephron's collecting duct to water promoting water reabsoroption and increasing blood volume and blood pressure. It is secreted when plasma osmolarity increases and sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus, or when blood volume decreases sensed by baroreceptors in the circulatory system. |
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Definition
| Gland that is part of the forbrain and sits on top of and regulates the pituitary gland. |
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Definition
| Gland that synthesizes and releases hormones that are essential for growth and development in children and metabolic stability in adults. |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that decreases plasma Ca concentrationg by inhibiting the release of Ca from the bone. |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas. It stimulates protein and fat degradation, conversion of glucogen to glucose, and gluconeogenesis, all of which increase blood glucose levels. |
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Definition
| Protein hormone secreted by the pancreas beta cells. It stimulates synthesis of fats from glucose , uptake of glucose by muscle and adipose cells, and storing of glucose as glycogen. |
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Definition
| Gland located on the thyroid that secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
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Term
| Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) |
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Definition
| Hormoe secreted by the parathyroid gland that regulates the plasma Ca concentrations. |
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Definition
| An enzyme produced by the kidneys in response to low blood volume. It converts angiotensnogen to angiotenisin-I which is converted to angiotenisin II which stimulates the release of aldosterone. |
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Definition
| Glycoprotein produced by the liver that stimulates red blood cell production. |
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Definition
| Hormone released in response to ingested food. It stimulates glands to secret HCl. |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by small intestine when acidic food material enters from the stomach. It stimulates secretion of alkaline bicarbonate which neutralizes acidic material. |
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Definition
| Released in the presence of fats and causes the contraction of the gallblader to secrete bile into the small intestine which is involved in the digestion of fats. |
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Definition
| secrets melatonin that plays a role in the regulation of the circadian rhythm. |
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Definition
| Hormones that bind the receptors on the cell surface triggering enzymatic reactions inside the cell through secondary messengers such as cAMP that results in different reactions in the cell. |
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Definition
| Hormones that can diffuse through the cell membrane and bind to protein receptors in the cytoplasm which then enters the nucleus and results in change in expression of certain genes. |
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Definition
| Plant hormones responsible for growth of plants. They are reponsible for phototropism and geotropism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tendency of light to grow towards light sources. Caused by reduced auxin supply to the illuminated side of the plant, resulting in slower growth of the illuminated side and faster growth and the dark side, causing the light to bend towards the light. |
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Term
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Definition
| Growth of plants towards or away from gravity. |
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