MCHC

Retic.

INR

mean corpuscular Hgb def.

hyponaturemia signs 

nausea

malaise

headache

altered mental status

depressed deep tendon reflexes

lethargy

seizures 

( HANDS LM)

chlorapromide

oxyabazeine

carbamazepine

( all increase ADH release and increase response to ADH)

hypernatiremia can cause 

diabetes insipidus which can be of 2 classifications: 

central - sudden onset polyuria 

nephrogenic - lithmus onset polyuria 

beta agonists 

insulin 

metabolic alkalosis 

(BIM)

Gi loss

renal loss 

decreased intake

renal loss includes: diuretics 

hyperaldosteronism 

amphotericin B 

corticosteroids 

increased intake : cellular/muscle breakdown

 salt substitutes

decreased output : renal failure, 

ACE-I

ARB ( angiotensin receptor blocker) 

beta blockers

trimetoprim 

alcoholism - poor nutrient intake

diuretics

amphotericin B 

vomiting

diarrhea 

hypoparathyroidism

hyperaldosteronism

hyperthyroididsm 

muscle twitch

tetany

personality changes

convulsions

stupor

coma 

torsades de pointes 

antacid

laxative 

iv fluids/ parenteral nutrition 

muscle weakness

fatigue 

lethargy

hypotension

coma 

paralysis

cardiac arrest 

long term TPN 

hypoparathyroidism ( thyroidectomy)

renal failure

meds: steroids

bisphosphonates

diuretics 

finger numbness

tingling in extremities

paresthesia

tetany 

chvostek's sign

trousseau's 

hypotension 

cardiac arrhythmias 

malignancy

primary hyperparathyroidism

calcium supplementation

vit D analogue

estrogen

thiazide diuretics 

nause 

vomiting 

abdominal pain

polyuria

polydipsia

ekg changes

ventricular arrhythmias

lethargy 

obtundation

pscyhosis 

coma

death

alcoholism

thiazide/ loop diuretics 

intracellular shifiting - refeeding syndrome 

excessive use of phosphate binders: calcium containing antacids, sevelamer , lanthanum 

muscle wekaness 

paresthesia

confusion

obtundation

seizure 

coma 

chronic kidney disease

excessive intake

hyperparathyroidism

treatment of malignancy

early detection

used to diagnose AMI

can use by itsel (serial)

amphotericin B

Clofibrate

ethanol

lithium

halothane

succinylocholine

barbituate poising 

im injections

aminocapronic acid

3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors

Statins

working out 

< 200 mg/dL

borderline high 200-239

high >240 

hematocrit

high rbc's / HgB

 disease state in which the proportion of blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells increases. Blood volume proportions can be measured as hematocrit level.

occurs when the overall hemoglobin levels are decreased, but the red blood cell size (mean corpuscular volume) remains normal

MCV 81-99 fL. 

D-dimer is a fibrin degradation product a small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by fibrinolysis. It is so named because it contains two crosslinked D fragments of the fibrinogen protein.^[1]

D-dimer concentration may be determined by a blood test to help diagnose thrombosis.

45-73%

or 45-70%

3-5%

neutrophils are the ___ response to infection

less mature neutrophils are called ___and are ___ in infections

bands are ___ neutrophils

first

bands / stab; elevated

immature

HIV type 1

radiation exposure

glucocorticosteroids

lymphoma (hodgkin's disease)-  a cancer of lymph tissue found in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow, and other sites.

aplastic anemia - condition where bone marrow dosn't make sufficient new cells to replace old ones

viral infection

lymphomas 

segs/ bands/ lymph/mono/ eosino/ baso

"some bands like mooning every babe"

bloodstream

cerebrospinal fluid

pericardinal fluid

pleural fluid

peritoneal fluid- lubricates abdominal cavity

synovial fluid - in synovial joints

bone

urine (directly from kidney/bladder)

staphlococcus

streptococcus

corynebactrum

streptococcus 

haemophilus 

bacteroide

escherichia 

klebsiella pneumonia

enterococcus

streptococci 

streptococcus

staphlococcus

lactobacillus

KOH

India ink

periodic acid schiff

gomori methenamine silver stain

acid fast

gram stain

wright or giemsa stain

((140-age)x weight)/ 72x Scr

and x .85 if female

male is 50+2.3(in over 5 ft.)

female is 45.5 +2.3(in over 5 ft)

IBW+.4(actual - IBW)

use adjusted body weight when actual is >120 % of IBW

actual/ibw x100 

BUN:Scr ratio of > 20:1 means...

if between 10 - 20 means...

dehydration; volume depletion- pre renal

intrinsic kidney damage 

glomerulonephritis (kidney filter function is damaged)

infection

renal infarction

papillary necrosis

tumors

stones

coagulopathies 

uti

glomerulonephritis

intersitial nephritis ( inflammatory conditions)

protein in urine could mean...