Term
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Definition
loss of nuclei, preserved ghost outline of cells
often caused by ischemia (called an infarct) |
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Term
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Definition
dead cells turn into gelatinous yellow purulent exudate w/ PMN
Caused by: toxins, inflam resp, Ischemic CNS cell death |
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Term
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Definition
yellow, friable granuloma w/ central necrosis surr by MO, giant cells, WBCs
Caused by: TB and fungus |
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Term
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Definition
necrosis of body part that has undergone coagulative necrosis due to ischemia
Infxn: wet gangrene (due to Leukocytes and bacteria)
w/o infxn: dry gangrene |
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Term
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Definition
lipase from pancreatic cells causes white chalky deposits of fat cells in retroperitoneum
Caused by: lipase converts TG to FA which combo w/ Ca++ and form white deposits |
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Term
| Mitochondrial Permiability Transition Pore |
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Definition
when open leads to loss of membrane potl (lose protons) resulting in failure of oxid phosphor and depleted ATP
cytochrome C's rel activates pro-apoptotic caspaces
Prevented by: cyclosporin |
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Term
| Intrinsic pwy of Apoptosis |
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Definition
Mitochondrial-activats BH3-only proteins, which activate Bax and Bak and form pores in Mito memb
-BH3-only also blocks Bcl-2 and Bcl-X, CytoC leaks out, activates caspaces |
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Term
| Extrinsic pwy of Apoptosis |
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Definition
| Death receptors on PM: Type 1 TNFR and Fas(CD95) |
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Term
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Definition
| hypercalcemia accentuates dystrophic calification |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. incr PTH 2. bone destruction 3. Vit D dep disorder 4. renal failure 5. metastatic cancers |
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Term
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Definition
| Extravascular fluid w/ high protein conc., contains cellular debris and has high spec gravity |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid w/ low protein (mostly albumin), little or no cellular matl, and low spec gravity |
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Term
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Definition
Large number of plasma proteins made in the liver, which are impacted by inflam stimuli,
IL-6, IL-1 and TNF upreg them |
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Term
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Definition
elevated Leukocytes, common during inflam (15-20K)
caused by accel rel of BM cells |
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Term
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Definition
| decr leukocyte count, due to Typhoid fever, viruses, or disseminated cancer, rampant TB and severe alchohol |
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Term
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Definition
| pluripotent SC contained in the nner cell mass of blastocysts in early embryonic devo |
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Term
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Definition
| reprogrammed fibroblast, happens b/c of 4 genes encoding Tissue factors which can gen endodermal, mesodermal, and ectodermal tissue |
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Term
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Definition
formed when ligands bind to integrins and the receptor cluster
Made of: talin, vinculin, paxilin
Fxn: activated R for a nmber of signal transduction pwy's incl: MAP kinase, PKC, PI3K |
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Term
| Healing by primary union (1st intention) |
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Definition
| Surgical incision approximated by sutures |
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Term
| Healing by secondary union (2nd intention) |
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Definition
large skin defects w/ extensive tissue and cell loss, inflam resp, granulation tissue, extensive collagen deposition
Form large scar, which may contract |
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Term
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Definition
| collagen accum forming a scar beyond the boundaries of the original wound |
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Term
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Definition
| complete dissolution of the chromatin in a necrotic cell due to DNase; complete loss of nuclear basophilia in coag necrosis, following pyknosis and karyorrhexis |
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Term
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Definition
| irreversible condensation of chromatin in cell undergoing necrosis or apoptosis followed by karyorrhexis |
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Term
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Definition
| fragmentation of the nucleus following pyknosis |
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Term
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Definition
| bind sialyl lewis X, for rolling |
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Term
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Definition
| on both leukocytes and endothelium, aids in diapedesis |
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Term
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Definition
| contain P selectin, which is induced to be expressed on endothelial surface by histamine and thrombin |
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Term
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Definition
| binds L-selectin on leukocyte; binds VLA-4 (Beta1) integrin on leukocyte |
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Term
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Definition
| main link b/t coat and inflame; binds protease activate R (PAR) and triggers inflame |
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Term
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Definition
Activates the bradykinin and coag system which simultaneously activating the fibrolysis system;
XIIa specifically initiates fibrinolysis yielding plasmin which activates C3->C3a (anaphylatoxin)
4 systems: 1. kinin 2. clotting 3. fibrinolysis 4. complement |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Bradykinin prodxn and conseqs |
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Definition
| Factor XII activates Kallikreins to activate kinins (and activate plasmin) (vasoactive peptides) and form bradykinin which incr vascular perm and causes contrxn of vasc smooth mm, dilation of blood vessels and pain |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Histamine, 5-HT, C3a, C5a, Bradykinin, LKT, PAF, substance P |
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Term
| Chemotaxis, Leukocyte recruitment and activation |
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Definition
| TNF and IL-1, chemokines, C3a, C5a, LTB-4, bacterial products (N-fmet) |
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Term
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Definition
| IL-1, TNF, PGE2 @ hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
| bradykinin and PGs (spec PGE2) |
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Term
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Definition
| necrotic collection of purulent exudate filling a space in a tissue; prod by deep seeding bacteria, center of PMN, sure by vasculature and fibroblasts |
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Term
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Definition
| deposit collagen and ECM to form scar esp w/ TGF-B and MPPs |
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Term
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Definition
| Fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells in 24-72 hrs lay down pink, soft, granular tissue at beginning of repair process; fills wound and neovascularization is maximal around days 5-7 |
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Term
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Definition
| blister, bullous pemphigoid |
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Term
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Definition
| fibrin covers the surfaces in a meshwork; occurs in linings of body cavities: meninges, pericardium and pleua |
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Term
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Definition
| purulent exudate from PMN, fibrin and necrotic cells assoc w/ pyogenic Strep and Staph infxn |
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Term
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Definition
| local defect (into submucosa ) on surface of an organ due to the irritation and sloughing of necrotic tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| mitogenic for keratinocytes and Fb, stim granulocyte migration and granulation tissue formation |
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Term
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Definition
| >10 GFs, MO, Fb, Enothelial migration (wound repair), ANGIOGENESIS, wound contrxn and MATRIX DEPOSITION |
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Term
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Definition
| chemotaxis of PMN, MO, Fb, smooth m, angiogenesis and MATRIX DEGRADATION |
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Term
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Definition
| vasculogenesis in embryo and ANGIOGENESIS (esp proper branching in conjxn w/ Notch signaling) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pleiotropic (effect dep on tissue), chemotaxis for WBC, Fb and myocytes; normally inhib epithelial prolix, but potent stim of Fibroplasia and angiogen |
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Term
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Definition
| mitogen for hepatocytes, epithelial and endothelial cells; incr motility and scattering |
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Term
c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc
bcl-x
mdm2 and p53 |
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Definition
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Term
| Proteoglycans and Hylauronan |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Adhesive glycoproteins
Fibronectin binds integrins and EC collagen and attaches epitdermal basal cells to the BM
Laminin is in the BM and polymerizes type IV collagen |
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Term
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Definition
| Firbrous structural proteins |
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Term
| Type IV collagen, laminin, Proteoglycan |
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Definition
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