Term
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Definition
| The ongoing adaption and elimination battle between vertebrates and microorganisms |
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Term
What are the 3 main mechanisms by which bacteria cause illness/infection. Identify their subparts as well
slide #6 |
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Definition
- Tissue invasion and inflammatory response
- Pyogenic
- Granulomatous
- Toxin production
- endotoxins
- exotoxins
- Immunopathogenesis
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Term
Describe the pyogenic mechanism (3 parts)
slide #6 |
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Definition
- it is a mechanisms by which bacteria cause illness/infection
- pus-producing
- neutrophils predominant
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Term
Describe granulomatous mechanism (2 parts)
slide #6 |
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Definition
- a mechanism by which bacteria cause illness/infection
- formation of granulomas, TB, macrophages, and T-cells are predominant
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Term
What are the two types of toxin production?
Provide examples of each
slide #6 |
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Definition
- Endotoxins: e.g. meningococcemia, gram negative bacteria that cause sepsis
- Exotoxins: tetanus, botulism, diphtheria
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Term
What are endotoxins?
Where are they produced?
What do they cause?
Does it have a vaccine?
slide #6 |
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Definition
- one of the mechanisms of bacteria-caused infection/illness. Poorly antigenic, doesn't form toxoids
- produced in the cell wall of gram negative bacteria
- cause fever and shock
- no vaccines available.
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Term
What are exotoxins?
Where are they produced?
What do they cause?
Does it have a vaccine?
slide #6 |
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Definition
- one of the mechanisms of bacteria-caused illness/infection. High toxicity
- secreted from bacteria
- induces high-titer antibodies called anti-toxins.
- toxoids are used as vaccines
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Term
What is immunopathogenesis?
What does it do?
Provide an example
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Definition
- it is one of the three mechanisms of pathogenesis of pathogenesis by which bacteria cause illness/infection
- it is not the organism itself that causes the illness, but the immune response
- example is rheumatic fever
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Term
Explain the immunopathogenesis of rheumatic fever
slide #6 |
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Definition
| In immunopathogenesis, it is the immune repsonse that causes the illness. In rheumatic fever, antibodies to M protein of strep pyogenes cross-react with normal heart tissue, |
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Term
Explain the immunopathogenesis of acute glomerulonephritis
slide #6 |
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Definition
| Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Glomerulonephritis may develop a week or two after recovery from a strep throat infection or, rarely, a skin infection (impetigo). To fight the infection, your body produces extra antibodies that may eventually settle in the glomeruli, causing inflammation. |
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Term
What are the 2 methods that a microorganism can enter a host?
slide #7 |
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Definition
- through receptor molecules
- through sites of entry
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Term
What are the two methods that microorganisms exit a host?
slide #7 |
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Definition
- shedding from body surfaces
- extracted by vectors
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Term
Transmission of a microorganism depends on 3 factors. What are they?
slide #7 |
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Definition
- number of organisms shed
- the stability of the enviornment
- the number of organisms required to infect new host
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Term
What are the 6 modes by which microorganisms are transmitted?
slide #8 |
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Definition
- respiratory or salivary spread
- sexual transmission
- vector borne
- vertebrate reservoir
- fecal-oral
- vector-vertebrate reservoir
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Term
| What are 4 examples of the "respiratory/salivary" mode of transmission? |
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Definition
- person-to-person transmission
- sneeze, cough, sing, talk
- aerosolized particles or drops
- direct contact with saliva
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Term
What are 2 ways that microorganisms can be transmissted through the genital tract?
slide #13 |
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Definition
- sexually transmitted
- perinatal/vertical transmission (Transmission of a disease-causing agent (a pathogen) from mother to baby during the perinatal period)
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