Term
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Definition
Atrophy
hypertrophy
hyperplasia
metaplasia
dysplasia
REVERSIBLE |
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Term
|
Definition
decrease or shrinkage in cellular size and number
skeletal musc, heart, sex organs, brain |
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Term
|
Definition
Physiological
Pathological |
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Term
|
Definition
3 reasons:
Lack of functional demand
1st size, then #
dimished blood supply
senile atrophy
damage of nerves |
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Term
|
Definition
Interruption of hormonal signals
menopausal, labor |
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Term
|
Definition
Increase in SIZE of cells
Increase in intracellular proteins (can be selective in organelle)
HEART |
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Term
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Definition
Increase in NUMBER of cells from increased cellular division
organ may have increase volume |
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Term
hypertrophy and hyperplasia often occur
independent
or
concurrent? |
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Definition
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Term
What type of cells cannot exhibit HYPERPLASIA |
|
Definition
NERVE, SKELETAL MUSCLE, CARDIAC |
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Term
examples of physiologic and pathologic
hyperplasia |
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Definition
glandular hyperplasia- breastfeeding (physiological)
Erythropoietin- RBC hyperplasia- renal tumors (pathologic) |
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Term
Why is hyperplasia different form cancer?
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|
Definition
- No mutation in genes
- WIll regress if stimulus is removed
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Term
|
Definition
Replace mature cell type with another which handles stress better
Result of reprogramming stem cells brought by expression of genes which drive cells towards a specific differentiation |
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Term
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Definition
Bronchiol lining: columnar--> sqaumous (smokers)
Acid reflux: squamous --> columnar (like stomach) |
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Term
Atypical Adaptation:
Types of Intracellular accumulation |
|
Definition
Glycogen
lipids
pigments
proteins
water
Ex: fatty liver, lipofuscin, hemsiderosis |
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Term
|
Definition
fucus (brown) lipid peroxidation, non toxic
wear and tear pigment
insoluble lipoprotein
in lysosomes, resist digestion,
IN LIVER & HEART aging patients, malnutrition, cancer |
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Term
|
Definition
localized: BRUISING
SYSTEMIC: excessive blood transfusion, RBC breakdown
hemosiderin deposition in organs |
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Term
|
Definition
- in dead/injured cells
- blood Ca++ normal
- white, gritty, granule
- stains deep purple
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Term
|
Definition
normal living cells/tissues
hyercalemic states
ass. w/ increased [serum Ca]
Eg. KIDNEY (renal failure), multiple myeloma, hyperparathyroid, paget's, vit D tox |
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Term
CELL INJURY:
loss of Mitochondrial ATP and decreased ATP synthesis
results in? |
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Definition
Cellular swellng
decreased protein synthesis
decreaded membrance transport
lipogenesis |
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