Term
| List the components that make up the GI anatomy. |
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Definition
1. Mouth
2. Tongue
3. Pharynx
4. Esophagus
5. Stomach
6. Liver
7. Small and Large Intestine
8. Gall Bladder
9. Pancreas
10. Rectum
11. Anus |
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Term
When it comes to engineering of the GI system: the mouth is the ___________
the pancreas is the ___________
The liver is the _____________
The large intestine is the _________ |
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Definition
Chopper
Enzyme supplier and neutralizer
Detergent supplier
Residue combuster |
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Term
| The Epithelial cells are usually ______________, but in the esophagus it is ______________. |
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Definition
Columnar
Statified squamous |
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Term
| T/F: There is a continous turnover of epithelial cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the wall of the intestine organized? |
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Definition
| Divided into by Mucosa and Muscularis Propria |
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Term
| What things make up the Mucosa layer of the wall of the intestine? |
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Definition
1. Epithelium B.M
2. Lamina Propria
3. Muscularis mucosa |
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Term
| What things make up the Muscularis Propria of the wall of the intestine? |
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Definition
1. Circular muscle
2. Longitudinal muscle
3. Myenteric plexus |
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Term
| T/F: Spike potentials do not cause A.P. |
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Definition
| False; Spike potentials do cause A.P. It is the slow waves that dont. |
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Term
| What divides the GI into functional segments? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Muscle fibers that constrict a passage or close natural openings |
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Term
| The Esophagus has Upper and Lower esophageal sphincters. What does the Upper prevent? What about the lower? |
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Definition
Upper = prevents food from entering the trachea
Lower = prevent reflux from stomach to esophagus |
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Term
| Out of the internal and external anal sphincter, which one is the only one we have control over? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the top of the stomach called? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Fundus and body of the stomach serves as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main role of the Antrum of the stomach? |
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Definition
| Mixing and grinding of food |
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Term
| Which part of the stomach controls emptying? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: The colon can also serve as a reservoir. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Small Intestine (S.I.) is broken up into these 3 parts: |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the Duodenum located? |
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Definition
| Immediately distal to the Pylorus of the stomach |
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Term
| What things drain into the Duodenum? |
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Definition
| Secretions from the exocrine pancreas & from the liver/gallbladder |
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Term
| What controls the egress of secretions of the Duodenum? |
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Definition
| The opening of the Sphincter of Oddi |
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Term
| In the Duodenum, there is continued ___________ of _______ from the stomach. |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the S.I. does the majority of nutrient absorption? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Jejunum of the S.I. has an increased surface area. What things contribute to this? |
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Definition
1. Surface folds
2. Crypts
3. Villi
4. Microvilli |
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Term
| The surface folds of the jejunum of the S.I. is aka ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| If the Jejunum of the S.I. is nonfunctional, the ________ compensates and absorbs most of the nutrients. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Ileum of the S.I. has ______________ absorption of nutrients. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the anatomy of the Large Intestine (L.I.)? |
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Definition
1. Cecum
2. Colon
3. Rectum
4. Anus |
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Term
| T/F: The L.I absorbs nutrients. |
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Definition
| False; it mostly absorbs water and some byproducts |
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Term
| What happens to the unabsorbed material in the L.I.? |
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Definition
| Bacterial fermentation occurs |
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Term
| There is ______________________ blood flow in the GI. |
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Definition
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Term
| The GI has this kind of blood circulation. |
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Definition
| Splanchnic (pertains to the internal organs) |
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Term
| The blood from the internal organs goes into the _____________ where it then travels to the ______________ of the liver. Blood leaves via the Hepatic vein into the __________. |
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Definition
Portal vein
Hepatic sinusoids
Vena Cava |
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Term
| What are the 4 modes of communication in the GI tract? |
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Definition
1. Endocrine
2. Neurocrine
3. Paracrine
4. Juxtacrine/Immune |
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Term
| What type of innervation is stimulatory to the GI? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Enteric Nervous system
(pertains only to the intestinal tract--not under ANS regulation) |
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Term
| What are some endocrine secretions of the GI system? |
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Definition
1. CCk
2. Gastrin
3. Secritin
4. Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)
5. Motilin |
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Term
| Both GIP and Motilin are secreted in the ___________ and the ____________ of the S.I. |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 endocrine secretions are secreted throughout the entire S.I.? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is Gastrin secreted? |
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Definition
| In the Antrum of the stomach and in the Duodenum and Jejunum of the S.I. |
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Term
| What things are under paracrine secretion? |
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Definition
1. Histamine
2. Prostaglandins
3. Somatostatin |
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