Term
| What coordinates peristaltic and other motor activities? |
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Definition
| Basic electrical rhythm (BER) |
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Term
| What increases the number of spikes and the tension of smooth muscle? What decreases it? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle that forces food thru the GI tract, bile thru the bile duct. |
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Term
| During peristalsis, contraction occurs _______________ the stimuli. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does gastric segmentation and mixing occur? |
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Definition
| In the Antrum of the stomach |
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Term
| What occurs with gastric segmentation and mixing? |
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Definition
| Unlike peristalsis which flows in one direction, during segmentation chyme moves in both directions to allow for greater mixing of chyme. The more mixing allows for big substances to become small enough to pass in the SI. |
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Term
| What occurs during periods of fasting and ends when meal is ingested? |
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Definition
| The process of clearing the GI tract of food remnants via the migrating motor complex (wave activity that stimulate peristalstic waves) |
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Term
| What initiates the migrating motor complex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 phases of the Migrating Motor complex? |
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Definition
1. Quiescent
2. Irregular electrical and mechanical activity
3. Regular activity |
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Term
| Mastication is aka ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of mastication? |
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Definition
1. Breaks up large food particles
2. Mixes the food w/ salivary secretion
3. Aids in swallowing and digestion
(In the mouth it is a bolus)
(In the SI it is chyme) |
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Term
| What is essential to the reservoir function of the stomach? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is receptive relaxation? |
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Definition
| When food enters the stomach, send signal to the brain. The brain mediates a vagal response to release AcH. The AcH cause the smooth muscle of the stomach relax. |
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Term
| Swallowing is aka _____________- |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the act of swallowing |
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Definition
1. The tongue moves upward and backward against the hard palate, forcing the bolus to the back of the throat.
2. The epiglottis covers the glottis and inhibits food to enter the trachea.
3. Upper esophageal sphincter relax and allow the entry of food into the esophagus.
4. Peristalsis moves the food into the stomach |
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Term
| Gastric emptying varies with the kind of content in the stomach. Why do solid meals take longer than liquids? |
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Definition
| Solid meals must remain in the stomach long enough for the enzymes to work on the food and break them down. They require more mixing and grinding. Also it is emptied slowly as to not overload the SI. |
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Term
| What types of movement occur in the intestines? |
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Definition
1. Segmentation
2. Peristalsis
3. Tonic contractions |
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Term
| What is the function of the colon? |
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Definition
1. Serves as a reservoir
2. Absorbs water, Na+ and other minerals |
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Term
| What links the ileum to the colon? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of movement occur in the colon? |
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Definition
1. Segmentation
2. Peristalsis
3. Mass action contraction |
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Term
| What is the gastroileal reflex? |
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Definition
| The relaxation of the cecum to allow the passage of food thru the ileocecal valve into the colon. |
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Term
| What is Mass Action Contraction. |
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Definition
| A simultaneous contraction of the smooth muscles over a large area that pushes the contents in the colon into the rectum to be eliminated. |
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Term
| T/F: The transit time is slower in the small intestine. |
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Definition
| True; it needs a slower time to allow for absorption of material |
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Term
| What does the distention of the rectum with feces initiate? |
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Definition
A reflex contraction of its musculature.
Desire to deficate |
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Term
| What changes occur in the body that signal for defication? |
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Definition
| The pressure is normally 18mmHg, the distention of the rectum increases it to 55mmHg. This relaxes both the internal and external sphincters. |
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Term
| In humans, the ______________ supply to the internal (involuntary) anal sphincter is _______________, whereas the _______________supply is _____________. |
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Definition
SNS
Excitatory
PNS
Inhibitory |
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Term
| What is the Gastrocolic reflex? |
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Definition
| When distention of the stomach by food signals for defecation |
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