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Paula
test 1
40
Pharmacology
Graduate
02/14/2011

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Term
hygroscopicity
Definition
ability of material to pull moisture in (aka dry powder+heat = wet)
Term
deliquescent
Definition
substances (mostly salts) that have a strong affinity for moisture and will absorb large amounts of water from atmosphere, forming liquid solution

-used in industry to remove water produced by chemical reactions
Term
pka
Definition
the pH where the drug is equally ionized and unionized (50% ionized, 50% unionized)
Term
if the drug is a weak acid, and the solution is more acidic, ionized or unionized?
Definition
unionized
Term
if drug is weak acid and the pH of the solution is more basic, is it ionized or unionized?
Definition
ionized
Term
if the drug is a weak base, and the pH is more acidic, is the drug ionized or unionized?
Definition
ionized (positive)
Term
if the drug is a weak base and the pH of the solution is more basic, is it unionized or ionized?
Definition
unionized
Term
if you want a weak acid-drug in solution, what kind do u choose?
Definition
basic solution
Term
if you want a weak base-drug in solution, which solution do u choose?a
Definition
acidic
Term
if you have a weak acid (drug) at Cs and lower the pH of the solution, what happens?
Definition
solution becomes supersaturated, the drug ppts out until saturation is restored
Term
example of a weakly acidic drug
Definition
sodium dilantin
Term
example of weakly basic drug
Definition
epinephrine HCl
Term
solubility of zwitterions?
Definition
electronically neutral, so insoluble
Term
fast rate of crystallization = which solid state?
Definition
amorphous
Term
what is the Nernst equation for crystalization?
Definition
dM/dt= A(D/d)(Css-Cs)
Term
which has higher potential energy (crystal or amporphous) and what effect does that have
Definition
amorphous: less stable
Term
what is the solid state of semilente?
Definition
amorphous
Term
what is the solid state of ultralente?
Definition
crystal
Term
what is the solid state of lente?
Definition
30% amorphous and 70% crystal
Term
what happens if you drive the solvent of crystallization out of an inclusion body?
Definition
there is no change in the polymophic form of the crystal bc the solven was never part of the structure of the crystal lattice
Term
what is lyophilization?
Definition
freeze drying; when you drop the pressure to freeze the water/drug; then drop the pressure via vacuum to evaporate water via sublimation so drug is a solid form (powder). drug started as liq: now a solid
Term
If the Triple point is below atmospheric pressure, compound will:
Definition
melt from solid to liquid to gas
Term
if triple point is above atmospheric pressure, compound will:
Definition
sublime: solid to gas
Term
why lyophilize drugs? (2 reasons)
Definition
1 aqueous instability (hydrolysis)
2 heat labile
Term
why can't you heat drug compound to lyophilize?
Definition
sensitive to heat-must drop pressure
Term
how do you prevent eutection?
Definition
coating with Mgcarbonate
Term
diluting a cosolvent system does what?
Definition
supersaturation>>>precipitates out
Term
increasing temp of saturated solution does what?
Definition
undersaturated
Term
decreasing temp of solution does what
Definition
supersaturated>>>ppt out
Term
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
Definition
SAFETY
Term
Durham Humphrey Amendment
Definition
prescription label
Term
Kefauver-Harris Amendment
Definition
Efficacy
Term
Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act
Definition
established modern system of generic drugs
Term
hat year was antisubstitution legislation repealed?
Definition
1982
Term
bioequivalency codes in orange book are updated....
Definition
monthly
Term
how does eutection work?
Definition
adding an impurity to a pure substance will cause the substance to melt at a lower temp
Term
example of functional claim:
Definition
will provide a peaceful sleep
Term
therapeutic claim:
Definition
will treat insomnia
Term
which polymorph of insulin is the smallest
Definition
semilente
Term
which insulin is largest?
Definition
ultralente
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