Term
| Severe hypoxia leading to hypoxemia, hypercapnea, loss of consciousness, and death: |
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Definition
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Term
| A concentrated mass of a pharmaceutical preparation, such as an opaque contrast medium given intravenously or swallowed: |
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Definition
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Term
| A tube used to allow fluids, gases, or other substances into or out of the body: |
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Definition
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Term
| Having SOB or difficulty breathing: |
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Definition
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Term
| Position in which the head of the patient's bed is raised 18 to 20 inches above the level of the heart with the knees also elevated: |
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Definition
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Term
| Creation of an opening in the stomach to provide food and liquid administration: |
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Definition
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Term
| A clamp-like instrument used to control flow of fluids or blood: |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of washing out an organ, usually the stomach, bladder, or bowel: |
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Definition
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Term
| A solution consisting of a percentage of sodium chloride and distilled water that has the same osmolarity as that of body fluids: |
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Definition
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Term
| The period of life beginning at puberty and ending with physical maturity: |
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Definition
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Term
| The psychological, emotional, and sexual abuse of a child: |
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Definition
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Term
| A solution capable of destroying pathogenic microorganisms or inhibiting their growth: |
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Definition
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Term
| Significant loss of body heat below 98.6 degrees F: |
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Definition
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Term
| The act or process of fixing or rendering immobile: |
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Definition
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Term
| Newborn baby or a child under the age of 1 year: |
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Definition
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Term
| A type of bed used in the newborn intensive care unit to keep babies warm and protected from the environment: |
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Definition
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Term
| Newborn infant up to 1 month of age: |
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Definition
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Term
| Neonatal intensive care unit: |
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Definition
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Term
| A child who is not old enough to attend kindergarten: |
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Definition
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Term
| Age at which the child is considered old enough to attend school: |
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Definition
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Term
| Young child learning to walk: |
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Definition
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Term
| Patients who are unable to take in nutrients through the GI system either partially or completely may be nourished intravenously. This can be accomplished in the short term parenterally by _______ ________ means and in the long term by reliance on ______ ______ ________. |
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Definition
short term - peripheral intravenous catheter
long term - central venous catheter (CVC) |
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Term
| NG and NE tubes are inserted for ________ and ________ purposes. |
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Definition
| therapeutic and diagnostic |
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Term
| What are the purposes of the hollow lumens in NG and NE tubes? |
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Definition
| - secretions and air may be evacuated - medications, nourishment, and diagnostic contrast agents may be instilled |
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Term
| Is it w/in the RT's scope to insert an NG or NE tube? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are RT students allowed to suction a pt? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an NG tube made of? |
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Definition
| polyurethane, silicone, or rubber |
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Term
| The NG tube is ordinarily inserted through the _________ into the stomach, the duodenum, or the ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| If the nasogastric tube cannot be inserted through either of the pt's nostrils, where else can it be inserted? |
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Definition
| It can be inserted through the mouth over the tongue |
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|
Term
| What are NG tubes used for? |
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Definition
| - keep stomach free of gastric content and air to assist in the healing process either before or after an operative procedure or during a disease process - diagnostic examinations - treat intestinal obstruction - control bleeding |
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|
Term
| What are the 2 most commonly used NG tubes? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
What is the Levin NG tube used for?
How many lumens? |
|
Definition
- gastric decompression
- single lumen |
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|
Term
What is the Sump NG tube used for?
How many lumens?
Describe what it looks like: |
|
Definition
- drain fluid from the stomach
- double lumen
- is radiopaque
- the opening of the second lumen is a blue extension off the proximal end of the tube (the end that remains outside) called a "pigtail". This end is always left open to room air for the purpose of maintaining a continuous flow of atmospheric air into the stomach |
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|
Term
What is the Nutriflx NG tube used for?
How many lumens?
Describe what it looks like: |
|
Definition
- feeding
- single lumen
- has a mercury-weighted tip and is coated w/ a lubricant that becomes activated when moistened by gastric secretions |
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|
Term
What is the Moss NG tube used for?
How many lumens?
What are the lumens used for? |
|
Definition
- aspiration; duodenal feeding
- complex triple lumen
- one lumen has an inflatable balloon that anchors it to the stomach
- second lumen is used to aspirate fluid
- third lumen is used for duodenal feeding |
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|
Term
What is the Sengstaken-Blakemore NG tube used for?
How many lumens?
What is important for RT to remember about this NG tube in particular? |
|
Definition
- controls bleeding from esophageal varices
- triple lumen
- two lumens have balloons; balloons are inflated to exert pressure on bleeding esophageal varices
- third lumen is used for lavage and monitoring hemorrhage
- RT should not attempt to care for a pt with an S-B tube w/out the pt's nurse on hand |
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|
Term
| When will an RT most-likely encounter a pt w/ a Sengstaken-Blakemore (S-B) tube? |
|
Definition
| when doing portable x-rays |
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|
Term
| When a pt has a Sengstaken-Blakemore (S-B) tube in place, the balloon pressure must be maintained at all times, unless the pt becomes _______. Then what should the RT do? |
|
Definition
- dyspneic
- use scissors to cut the balloon lumen |
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|
Term
| What material are NE tubes made of? |
|
Definition
| polyurethane, silicone, and rubber |
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|
Term
| NE tubes are inserted in much the same way as NG tubes; however, NE tubes are allowed to pass into the duodenum and small intestine by means of _________. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Why are NE tubes not taped? |
|
Definition
| Because their position is achieved through peristaltic action |
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|
Term
| What are NE tubes used for? |
|
Definition
- decompression
- diagnosis
- treatment |
|
|
Term
| What are three most common NE tubes? |
|
Definition
1. Cantor
2. Harris
3. Miller-Abbott |
|
|
Term
What is a Cantor NE tube used for?
How many lumens? |
|
Definition
- relieves obstructions in the small intestine
- single lumen
- has a weighted tip |
|
|
Term
What is the Harris NE tube used for?
How many lumens? |
|
Definition
- gastric & intestinal decompression
- single lumen
- has a weighted tip |
|
|
Term
What is the Miller-Abbott NE tube used for?
How many lumens? |
|
Definition
- decompression
- double lumen
- one is a perforated metal tip
- the second is a collapsible balloon w/ a radiopaque tube |
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|
Term
| What position should the pt be in during insertion of an NG tube? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For long term NG tube placement, the NG tube is aspirated with a syringe. If the NG tube is properly placed in the stomach, the pH range should be 1 - _. |
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Definition
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Term
| Place the pt in what position S/P NG/NE tube placement to prevent regurgitation? |
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Definition
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Term
| If there is a physician's order to disconnect suction for a period of time, is the RT allowed to do this? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the maximum amount of suction that can be used? |
|
Definition
| pressure equal to 25mm (more than this can damage the gastric mucosa) |
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Term
| ___________ is the surgical creation of an opening into the stomach. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the purpose of a gastrostomy tube? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| CVCs and implanted ports are frequently used by pts who have: |
|
Definition
- long term med administration
- frequent blood transfusions
- hyperosmolar solutions
- total parenteral nutrition |
|
|
Term
| What are the common types of CVCs? |
|
Definition
1. Tunneled
2. PICC
3. PAC (Port-A-Cath) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| partial parenteral nutrition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| total parenteral nutrition |
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Term
| PPN is given via a large _________ vein in the arm (not a CVC line). |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| TPN is a delivery through a _______ vein (hyperosmotic solution). |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
- measuring CVP
- delivering nourishment to the pt
- administering meds |
|
|
Term
| What is the best location for a CVC line? |
|
Definition
| in the brachiocephalic vein at the junction of the superior vena cava (SVC) or actually w/in the SVC itself |
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|
Term
| The CVC line should be seen just medial to the anterior border of the ____ rib on a chest x-ray. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Suctioning is an ________ procedure. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| When is it allowable for an RT to suction a pt? |
|
Definition
Never; get help when the pt demonstrates:
- profuse vomiting (pt cannot voluntarily change positions)
- audible rattling or gurgling sounds coming from pt's throat
- signs of respiratory distress |
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|
Term
| Is an opening into the trachea created surgically either to relieve respiratory distress caused by obstruction of the upper airway or to improve respiratory function by permitting better access of air to the lower respiratory tract: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two classifications of mechanical ventilators? |
|
Definition
1. Negative pressure
2. Positive pressure |
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|
Term
| This type of ventilator is common as a home ventilator, and it exerts negative pressure on the chest wall: |
|
Definition
| negative pressure ventilator |
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|
Term
| This type of ventilator is the most commonly used type. The RT is most likely to see this variety. It inflates the lungs by exerting positive pressure on the lungs: |
|
Definition
| positive pressure ventilator |
|
|
Term
| Are inserted through the mouth into the trachea as a means of establishing or opening an airway on pts: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the correct placement of an endotracheal tube? |
|
Definition
| 5 - 7 cm above the tracheal bifurcation (carina) |
|
|
Term
| What are common problems associated with improperly placed ET tubes? |
|
Definition
- collapsed lung
- aspiration pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| Air in the pleural cavity known as a __________ causes a collapse of the lung. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A condition created by a collection of blood in the pleural cavity that prevents the lung from expanding normally is called a __________. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Fluid other than blood that builds up in the pleural cavity is called _______ _________. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A surgical creation of an opening into the chest cavity is called a: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| When a pt has a chest tube in place, immediately notify the nurse if any of the following occurs: |
|
Definition
- pt feels chest pressure
- cyanosis
- rapid, shallow breathing |
|
|
Term
| What are the three most common types of postoperative tissue drains? |
|
Definition
1. Penrose
2. Jackson-Pratt
3. Hemovac |
|
|
Term
| What tissue drain is the RT most likely to encounter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What supplies are needed to perform venipuncture? |
|
Definition
- over the needle catheter
- tourniquet
-antimicrobial swabs
- gloves
- tape
- contrast agent |
|
|
Term
| Where is there a greater hazard of an embolus when starting an IV? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Do not select a site for venipuncture over a joint unless it is a _____ injection. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Do not use which side of the wrist when performing a venipuncture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 common injection sites? |
|
Definition
- anterior forearm
- posterior hand
- the antecubital space |
|
|
Term
| Which vein is most commonly used for venipuncture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Check for what before injecting saline? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| _________ needles are used for phlebotomy or for single small injections. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The _____ of a needle is its diameter. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The gauge of needle increases as its diameter ________. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A 23 gauge needle is (larger/smaller) than a 19 gauge needle. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Pts are more likely to have an adverse reaction to contrast if they have: |
|
Definition
- been taking a lot of other meds (polypharmacy)
- diabetes
- other chronic medical conditions |
|
|
Term
| Contrast is more likely to dehydrate the _____. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Accidental administration of IV infused medications into the extra-vascular space/tissue around infusion sites - is a condition that can be very harmful to the pt: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should the RT do if extravasation occurs? |
|
Definition
| - remove the catheter - apply pressure to prevent hematoma - apply cold packs to prevent swelling - document |
|
|
Term
| How is the contrast amount determined for pediatric pts? |
|
Definition
| contrast is administered according to weight of the child |
|
|
Term
| What is the standard dose of IV fluids? |
|
Definition
- 15 to 20 drops per minute
- 60 mL per hour |
|
|
Term
| The IV bag should be hung __-__ inches above the vein. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If an IV bag is hung too high what can happen? |
|
Definition
| the fluid can infiltrate into the injection site |
|
|
Term
| If an IV bag is hung too low what can happen? |
|
Definition
| the pt's blood can flow back into the needle and the tubing and can cause clots |
|
|
Term
| When discontinuing an IV, how long should you apply pressure to the site of injection? |
|
Definition
| 2 minutes or until cessation of bleeding |
|
|
Term
| When can the pt remove the pressure dressing? |
|
Definition
| 1-2 hrs after catheter has been removed |
|
|
Term
| What is the average axillary temperature for a neonate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the average apical HR of a neonate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the average respiration rate for a neonate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal range of BP for a neonate? |
|
Definition
| 40-80 Systolic / 20-55 Diastolic (varies by weight - lower weight = lower BP) |
|
|
Term
| ____ cream cannot be used for venipuncture if infant is less than 4 weeks old. |
|
Definition
| EMLA "Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics" (Lidocaine/Prilocaine) |
|
|
Term
| Age of infant w/ fear of strangers: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Age of infant w/ separation anxiety: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what stage does a child begin to have less fear of strangers (not counting neonate)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toddlers are egocentric aka: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what stage does a child begin to assert independence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What age is considered school age? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What age is considered school age adolescent? |
|
Definition
|
|
