Term
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Definition
| the awareness of sterile technique and the responsibility for notifying those in charge whenever contamination occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| a specified area, such as within a tray or on a sterile towel, that is considered free of microorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment of items with heat, gas, or chemicals to make them germ-free |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of creating and maintaining an area that is completely free of pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
| specific method of reducing the number of organisms on the hands and forearms and decreasing the rate of microbial growth in the following hours using a nonantimicrobial soap, drying the skin, and applying a surgical alcohol-based skin rub |
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Term
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Definition
| specific method of reducing the number or organisms on the hands and forearms and decreasing the rate of microbial growth in the following hours using a brush and antimicrobial soap |
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Term
| What are the 5 methods of sterilization? |
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Definition
-chemical
-autoclaving
-gas
-gas plasma
-dry heat |
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Term
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Definition
-immersion and soaking of clean objects in a bath of germicidal solution followed by sterile water
-used to achieve high-level disinfection or devices that come in contact with mucus membranes
-example: endoscope |
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Term
| Why is chemical sterilization not recommended for surgical asepsis? |
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Definition
-contamination of the solution or object may occur and is not easily detected
-does not kill spores |
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Term
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Definition
an appliance used to sterilize medical instruments or other objects with steam under pressure
-example: items that can withstand heat and moisture |
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Term
| What is the most commonly used method of sterilization? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the quickest and most convenient means of sterilization? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-used for items that would normally be damaged by high temperature
-examples: electrical, plastic, rubber items, optical ware, telephones, stethoscopes,blood pressure cuffs, items in isolation rooms |
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Term
| What is a drawback of gas sterilization? |
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Definition
| -the gases are poisonous and must be aerated in an controlled environment which makes this a slow process |
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Term
| What is a safer method, compared to gas sterilization, of sterilizing heat and moisture sensitive items? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-items are cleaned, wrapped, and placed in a compact mobile unit where low temperature hydrogen peroxide gas plasma diffuses through the wrapped instruments killing microorganisms and spores
-examples: endoscopes, fiberoptics, microsurgical instruments, and powered instruments |
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Term
| What are the advantages of using gas plasma sterilization? |
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Definition
-cost effective because many items can be sterilized at the same time
-safer for sterile supply workers |
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Term
| What are the disadvantages of using gas plasma sterilization? |
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Definition
| -cannot be used to sterilize instruments with long, narrow lumina, powders, liquids, cellulose materials such as paper, muslin, cotton, or linen |
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Term
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Definition
| oven or vacuum chamber with infrared heating element |
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Term
| In what regions are you more likely to encounter dry heat sterilization? |
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Definition
| Great Britain and tropical regions |
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Term
| Why is dry heat more advantageous to purchase than autoclave? |
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Definition
| dry heat is less expensive |
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Term
| What are other advantages using dry heat? |
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Definition
| effective sterilization of powders and ointments in sealed containers |
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Term
| What are disadvantages of using dry heat? |
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Definition
-takes longer than some methods
-some instruments cannot withstand the high temperatures |
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Term
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Definition
| -chemical indicators that change color when package is sterilized fully |
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Term
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Definition
-closed containers of nonpathogenic spore forming bacilli placed within the same unit as the equipment needed sterilization
-if spores are unable to culture, the instruments are sterilized |
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Term
| What criteria determines if a package is sterile? |
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Definition
-clean, dry, unopened
-not expired
-sterility indicators changed to appropriate color |
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Term
| Steps for opening sterile packages for sterile field |
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Definition
-place on clean surface
-break seal and open pack right before procedure
-unfold first corner away from you; then unfold the 2 sides
-pull front fold down toward you and drop it
- do not touch the inner surface
-if there is an inner wrap, use above procedure |
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Term
| Standard principles of asepsis |
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Definition
-sterile object touched by non-sterile object is contaminated
-never reach across a sterile field
-if you suspect an item is contaminated, discard it
-do not pass between physician and sterile field
-never leave sterile field unattended
-1 in perimeter of the sterile field is "buffer zone" and treated as contaminated |
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Term
| What is the purpose of skin preparation? |
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Definition
| to minimize the introduction of pathogens to the body via puncture or incision reducing likelihood of infection |
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Term
| Why should you shave a patient? |
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Definition
| only on specific order of the physician |
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Term
| Preparing the skin for sterile procedures |
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Definition
-get skin prep set
-hand hygiene
-position patient comfortably
-explain procedure
-expose an area slightly larger than preparation site
-fill basin with warm water
-apply soap
-shave
-rinse area
-rinse and refill basin
-clean area in circular motion from puncture site
-remove soap with sterile sponge
-pour out some antiseptic into trash
-dip gauze in antiseptic
-paint on antiseptic working outward in circular motion
-allow skin to dry
-repeat previous 2 steps
-open sterile pack |
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Term
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Definition
| -used when sterile gowning is NOT required |
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Term
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Definition
-used when sterile gowning IS required
-gloves on last |
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Term
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Definition
| partial or complete collapse of lung preventing respiratory exchange; in newborns called incomplete lung expansion |
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Term
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Definition
| for patients with critical cardiac conditions who need constant monitoring |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of pressure caused by gas or fluid in a body cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| closed environment for infants providing warmth, moisture, and oxygen while reducing exposure to infection |
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Term
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Definition
| for patients in critical condition who need constant monitoring |
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Term
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Definition
placed through nose into the GI tract to aspirate gas and fluid causing distention
-also for decompression, radiographic exams, and feeding |
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Term
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Definition
placed through the nose, pharynx, esophagus, and into stomach to allow feeding directly into stomach
-also for decompression and radiographic exams |
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Term
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Definition
| infant from birth to 28 days |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanical method that uses weights to provide a constant pull on part of the body for therapeutic reasons |
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Term
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Definition
| consisting of or resembling bone; bony |
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Term
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Definition
| recovery room used immediately after surgery close to all essential staff |
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Term
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Definition
| opening through the neck into the trachea through which an indwelling tube may be inserted to ventilate the patient's lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| incision into the trachea through the neck below the larynx to gain access to the airway below a blockage caused by a foreign body, tumor, or edema |
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Term
| Two types of mobile x-ray generators |
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Definition
-mobile radiographic unit
-C-arm mobile image intensifier (fluoroscopic unit) |
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Term
| General guidelines for performing bedside exams |
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Definition
-call nursing station before leaving imaging department unless STAT order
-check with nurse to ask about pt condition
-confirm order
-greet patient, check name and birthday, inspect and prepare room for imaging exam |
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Term
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Definition
-patients are in critical condition and need constant monitoring
-includes: ICU, CCU, NICU, PACU, ED |
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Term
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Definition
| pediatric respiratory distress syndrome |
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Term
| Do NOT open an enclosed incubator or handle a newborn unless..... |
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Definition
| a nurse or physician is present |
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Term
| Why are patients with head injuries kept semi-erect? |
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Definition
| to minimize intracranial pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| method used to remove fluid or air that has accumulated in the pleural space |
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Term
| Why is it important to kept drainage unit below chest level? |
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Definition
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Term
| pulmonary artery flow-directed catheters |
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Definition
| measure cardiac output, heart and lung pressures |
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Term
| central lines or central venous catheters |
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Definition
facilitate the administration of chemotherapy or other long term drug therapy, total paraenteral nutrition, dialysis, or blood transfusions
-tip should always be located in the superior vena cava |
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Term
| Types of central line/venous catheters |
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Definition
-short or long term, non-tunneled external catheters
-long term, tunneled external catheters
-long term, implanted infusion ports |
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Term
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Definition
| an electromechanical device that regulates the heart rate by providing low levels of electrical stimulation to the heart muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical removal of the gallbladder |
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Term
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Definition
| Instrument used for visual examination of the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| A procedure for crushing and eliminating a calculus in the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, or gallbladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| state of being open or exposed |
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Term
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Definition
| area of an operating room between the patient drape and the instrument table where you must wear sterile attire |
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Term
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Definition
| A sharp, pointed rod that fits inside a tube used to pierce the skin and the wall of a cavity of canal in the body to aspirate fluids, to instill a medication or solution, or to guide the placement of a soft catheter or fiberoptic device. |
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Term
| Sterile members of the surgical team |
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Definition
-surgeon
-surgeon assistant
-nonphysician assistant
-scrub person (RN, vocational nurse, or surgical tech) |
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Term
| Non-sterile members of the surgical team |
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Definition
-anesthesiologist
-circulating nurse
-other techs (biomedical, orthopedic, radiologic) |
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