Term
| A severe, often constricting pain or sensation of pressure, usually referring to angina pectoris: |
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Definition
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Term
| The tracing that depicts the heart's electrical activity: |
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Definition
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Term
| Process by which cardiac muscle cells change from a more negatively charged to a more positively charged intercellular state: |
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Definition
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Term
| A disorder of the formation or conduction of the electrical impulses in the heart that alters the heart rate or rhythm or both: |
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Definition
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Term
| Factor affecting the force and flow of circulating blood: |
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Definition
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Term
| Death of heart tissue resulting from lack of oxygenated blood flow: |
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Definition
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Term
| Insufficient oxygenation of the tissues of the heart muscle: |
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Definition
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Term
| The pacing impulse begins in the sinus node and travels normally down the electrical conduction pathways: |
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Definition
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Term
| The screen on which ECG patterns appear: |
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Definition
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Term
| Cardiac muscle cells return to a more negatively charged intracellular condition (their resting state): |
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Definition
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Term
| Collections of platelets, fibrin, and clotting factors that attach to the interior wall of a vein and may result in occlusion of a vessel: |
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Definition
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Term
| The R and L ventricles of the heart are separated by the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 3 layers of the heart (outermost - innermost): |
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Definition
1. epicardium (thin outer layer)
2. myocardium (middle muscular layer)
3. endocardium (thin inner layer) |
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Term
| The muscular layer of the atria is (thinner/thicker) than that of the ventricles. |
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Definition
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Term
| The myocardium is supplied w/ oxygenated blood via the right and left ________ arteries and their branches. |
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Definition
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Term
| The branches of the ____ coronary artery supply the interventricular septum, the walls and surfaces of the atria and ventricles, and the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ coronary artery supplies the remainder of the myocardial blood supply. |
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Definition
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Term
| The cells of the heart muscle: |
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Definition
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Term
| At rest, the myocytes are said to be _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| When the interior of the myocytes are negatively charged they are said to be _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| When the myocytes are depolarized, the interior of the myocytes become ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| When an electrical impulse is initiated, _________ rushes out of the myocytes and ______ rushes in. _______ also enters the cells at this stage, but at a slower rate, and acts as a regulator of cardiac contraction. |
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Definition
potassium rushes out
sodium rushes in
calcium enters the cell |
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Term
| When potassium rushes out of the myocytes, sodium rushes in, and calcium slowly enters the cell, this initiates ______________ and converts the electrical charge of the cell into a positive charge. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______________ acts as a wave throughout the myocardium and results in contraction of the heart. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______________ takes place as the cells return to a resting state. |
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Definition
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Term
| The conduction system of the heart has myocardial cells that have the following properties: |
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Definition
- automaticity
- conductivity
- excitability
- contractility |
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Term
| The __ node, located in the upper posterior wall of the right atrium, is the dominant pacemaker of the heart. |
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Definition
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Term
| At rest under normal conditions, the SA node initiates __ - ___ impulses per minute. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is responsible for the rate and rhythm of the cardiac cycle or the automaticity? |
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Definition
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Term
| The depolarization-repolarization cycle goes through _ phases. |
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Definition
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Term
| When the electrical activity of the heart is normal, it is referred to as being in: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the contraction of the atria (atrial depolarization) |
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Term
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Definition
| contraction of the ventricles |
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Term
| When the ST segment follows the QRS complex, the cell membrane is _______ in electrical charge. |
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Definition
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Term
| A U wave may follow the T wave and is associated with repolarization of the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the two leads most often used for continuous monitoring placed? |
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Definition
subclavicular line
midclavicular line |
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Term
| If a third electrode (a ground electrode) is used, it may be positioned anywhere on the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Once electrodes are in place, an alarm is set on the ECG machine for __% above and __% below the pt's baseline heart rate. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ECG/EKG is used to detect what? |
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Definition
- cardiac dysrhythmias
- conduction disorders
- myocardial ischemia
- injury
- myocardial infarction |
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Term
| Ventricular and atrial rates are less than 60 and may result in significant hemodynamic changes (i.e., decreased LOC, angina, hypotension): |
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Definition
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Term
| Atria and ventricles contracting rapidly and in an uneven pattern; may lead to formation of thrombi and stroke: |
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Definition
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Term
| The pt may rapidly become unresponsive and pulseless: |
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Definition
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Term
| May have symptoms of chest pain, SOB, and hypotension; may result in life-threatening dysrhythmias: |
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Definition
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Term
| The heart rate is not audible; the pulse is not palpable. This is a life-threatening event: |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a life-threatening emergency. Without immediate treatment, this is a fatal arrhythmia: |
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Definition
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Term
| The pt w/ this condition may not have symptoms; however, if there are symptoms of SOB, chest pain, lightheadedness, and hypotension, treatment is necessary to prevent myocardial infarction: |
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Definition
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Term
| Quinidine, procainamide, lidocaine, atenolol, propranolol, and verapmil are all what types of drugs used in cardiac emergencies? |
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Definition
| antiarrhythmics (used to suppress abnormal rhythms of the heart) |
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Term
| Streptokinase, alteplase, and reteplase are all what types of drugs used in cardiac emergencies? |
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Definition
| thrombolytics (used to dissolve blood clots) |
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Term
| Morphine is what type of drug used in cardiac emergencies? |
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Definition
| analgesic (used to relieve pain) |
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Term
| Atropine (heart rate stabilizer), digitalis (used to treat a-fib), nitroglycerin (treats chest pain), captopril (treats HTN and CHF), and heparin (anticoagulant) all have what in common? |
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Definition
| They are all drugs that are frequently used for cardiac emergencies |
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Term
| Each small box on the ECG graph represents what? |
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Definition
0.04 second on the horizontal axis
1 mm or 0.1 millivolt on the vertical axis |
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Term
| Each large box (consisting of 25 small boxes) on the ECG graph represents what? |
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Definition
0.2 second on the horizontal axis
5 mm or 0.5 millivolt on the vertical axis |
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