Term
| What structures comprise the limbic system? |
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Definition
| Amygdala, hippocampus, mamillary bodies & cingulate gyrus |
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Term
| Difference between central and peripheral lesions? |
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Definition
Central: lesions in the brainstem (not CN nuclei), cerebrum or cerebellum
Peripheral: lesions of the CN nuclei, the nerves themselves or the neuromuscular junction |
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Term
| Location of upper motor neuron? |
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Definition
| Proximal to anterior horn; distal is lower |
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Term
| Babinski in UMN vs. LMN degeneration? |
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Definition
Positive in UMN
Negative in LMN |
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Term
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Definition
Upper extremities- extensors weaker than flexors
Lower extremities- flexors weaker than extensors
UE supinator weakness- causes pronator drift |
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Term
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Definition
aka gegenhalten
is defined as "a form of hypertonia with an involuntary variable resistance during passive movement." In other words, attempting to move the limb of a person with paratonia will result in that person involuntarily resisting the movement.
Can be seen in dementia |
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Term
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Definition
| medical term for an impaired ability to perform rapid, alternating movements |
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Term
|
Definition
| Involuntary acceleration of gait |
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Term
| Brudzinski's meningeal sign |
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Definition
| Lay child supine, tilt chin toward chest. Positive if hips & knees flex |
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Term
|
Definition
| Supine child, flex hip & knee, then straighten knee. Positive if resistance |
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Term
| Faulty gene in Huntington's? |
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Definition
| CAG trinucleotide repeat on Huntington (HTT) gene on chromosome 4p |
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Term
| How would muscular dystrophy present in adulthood? |
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Definition
| Dilated cardiomyopathy with little to no muscle weakness |
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Term
| When does DMD weakness present? |
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Definition
2-3 yrs of age
Proximal then distal muscles |
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Term
| Clinical features of BMD? |
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Definition
Swayback
Protruding belly due to weak abdominal muscles
May walk on toes; falls frequently |
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Term
|
Definition
AKA spina bifida
Outpouching of meninges AND spinal cord through skin |
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Term
|
Definition
| a neurological disorder characterized by jerky involuntary movements affecting especially the shoulders, hips, and face. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Slow, sinuous involuntary movements (dance-like) |
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Term
| Functional movement disorders |
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Definition
| Acute onset, diminished w/ distraction |
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Term
|
Definition
| antidopaminergics, alpha adrenergic agonists, topiramate, botulinum toxin |
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Term
| Tx for acute ischemic stroke? |
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Definition
| alteplase (tissue plasminogen activator- tPA) |
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Term
| Which area of the brain controls language output? |
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Definition
| Broca's or Brodman's area 44 |
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Term
| Which area of the brain receives language input? |
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Definition
| Wernicke's or Brodman's area 22 |
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Term
| What structure connects Broca's and Wernicke's area? |
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Definition
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Term
| DX of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome? |
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Definition
Report one symptom in 3 of the 4 categories & present w/ sign of 2 of the 4 symptom categories
Sensory, vasomotor, sudomotor/edema, motor trophic
+ No other explanation for symptoms |
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Term
| Loss of reflex in limb that does not appear weak or wasted indicates axonal or demyelinating neuropathy? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Axonal neuropathy affects mostly motor or sensory functions? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| 5 Demyelinating diseases of PNS? |
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Definition
Guillain- Barre
Anti-MAG peripheral neuropathy
Charcot-Marie tooth disease
Cu deficiency
Progressive inflammatory neuropathy |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ocrelizumab, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, cladribine, cyclosporine, interferons, plasma exchange |
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Term
| Most commonly identified infectious precipitant of Guillain Barre (GBS)? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| MC causes of encephalitis |
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Definition
| HSV, rabies, enterovirus, tick-borne viruses |
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Term
| Bacterial meningitis symptom triad? |
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Definition
| Fever, nuchal rigidity, change in mental status |
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Term
| Most likely cause of Bell's palsy? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Drugs that can induce cerebellar syndrome? |
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Definition
| Phenytoin, aminoglycosides, Li, carbamazepine, chemotherapeutic agents |
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Term
|
Definition
Problem in cervical spinal cord or cerebral hemispheres
Flexors (arms like a "C") |
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Term
|
Definition
Problems w/in midbrain or pons
Extensors (arms like "e"s) |
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Term
| What pathologic state can result from mixing St. John's wort and SSRIs? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Cause of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)? |
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Definition
| Acute dopamine D2 receptor blockade in the corpus striatum, hypothalamus, and spinal cord |
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Term
|
Definition
Stop causative agent
IV fluids
Antipyretics, cooling blanket
Dopamine agonists, levodopa, amantidine, or dantrolene |
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Term
| What drugs can cause optic neuritis? |
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Definition
| Chloramphenicol, antituberculous agents such as ethambutol and INH, alpha interferons, isotretinoin, amiodarone |
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Term
| Nerve roots for biceps reflex? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Nerve roots for triceps reflex? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Nerve roots for brachoradialis reflex? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Nerve roots for patellar reflex? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Nerve roots for Achilles reflex? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Nerve roots for plantar flexion? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Nerve roots for abdominal reflex? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
a yellowish, slightly raised thickening of the conjunctiva on the white part of the eye (sclera), close to the edge of the cornea.
[image] |
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