Term
| What is the definition of "prevalence"? |
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Definition
| The proportion of people in a defined population at any given point in time who have the condition in question. |
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Term
| What is the Likelihood Ratio (LR)? |
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Definition
| Conveys the odds that a finding occurs in a patient with the condition compared to a patient without the condition. |
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Term
| Kappa (k) measurement of interobserver agreement |
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Definition
| Measures the degree of observer agreement, or precision, of a clinical finding compared to agreement by chance alone. |
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Term
| What signs in the hands might lead you to think hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
| Heat, tremor, palmar erythema |
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Term
| Oversized hands could mean what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pigmentation of palmar crease could mean what? |
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Definition
| Addison's (though could be normal in Asians or blacks) |
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Term
| Shortened 3rd and 5th metacarpals could mean what? |
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Definition
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Term
| BP in Addison's/Cushing's? |
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Definition
Addison's- hypotension
Cushing's- hypertension |
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Term
| How to perform Trousseau's sign |
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Definition
| Occlude brachial artery w/ BP cuff for 3 mins --> positive if carpal spasm occurs |
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Term
| What does a positive Trousseau's sign indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What signs in the axilla could indicate acromegaly? |
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Definition
Acanthosis nigricans
Skin tags |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| tongue sign in acromegaly? |
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Definition
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Term
| Buccal mucosa in Addison's? |
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Definition
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Term
| Webbed neck indicates what disease? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hormone problem in Cushing? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is prolactin secreted and what is its function? |
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Definition
Anterior Pituitary
Simulates milk production |
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Term
| Where is oxytocin secreted & what is its function? |
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Definition
Posterior pituitary
Stimulates milk ejection |
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Term
| What is primordial dwarfism? |
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Definition
People have smaller than average size organs
Typically don't live past 30 |
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Term
| Drug of choice to manage diabetes insipidus? |
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Definition
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Term
| How to dx hypoglycemia in non-diabetic? |
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Definition
Whipple's triad:
1) Signs and/or symptoms of low BG
2) Low plasma glucose at time of symptoms
3) Resolution of symptoms with correction of plasma glucose |
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Term
| what is the definition of Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)? |
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Definition
| An autosomal dominant predisposition to tumors of the parathyroid glands, anterior pituitary, and enteropancreatic endocrine cells (pancreatic islet cells) |
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Term
| Diagnostic criteria for MEN1? |
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Definition
the occurrence of two or more primary MEN1
tumor types, or in family members of a patient with a clinical diagnosis of MEN1, the occurrence of one of the MEN1-associated tumors |
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Term
| Clinical manifestations of MEN1? |
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Definition
Hyperparathyroidism (Hypercalcemia)
Pituitary adenomas
Pancreatic islet cell/GI tumors (MC Zollinger-Ellison [gastrinoma] syndrome)
Insulinoma (hypoglycemia)
Other tumors |
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Term
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Definition
Autosomal dominant disorder involving the RET proto-oncogene on chromosome 10
2 subtypes: 2A and 2B |
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Term
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Definition
| classical MEN2A, MEN2A with cutaneous lichen amyloidosis (CLA), MEN2A with Hirschsprung disease (HD), and familial medullary thyroid cancer (FMTC) |
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Term
| Is there parathyroid involvement in MEN2A or 2B? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of MEN is associated w/ Marfanism? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which MEN subtype is associated w/ intestinal ganglioneuromas? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which MEN subtype is associated w/ mucosal neuromas? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which MEN subtype is associated w/ pheochromocytoma? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which MEN subtype is AKA Wermer's syndrome? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which MEN subtype is AKA Sipple's syndrome? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long does an older woman need to have amenorrhea to dx menopause? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is subclinical hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
| TSH is below normal but serum T3 and T4 are normal |
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Term
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Definition
| Body produces antibody (thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin or TSI) that causes the thyroid to secrete too much thyroid hormone |
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Term
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Definition
exophthalmos, periorbital and conjunctival edema, limitation of eye movement, and infiltrative dermopathy (pretibial
myxedema) |
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Term
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Definition
| If TSH is low and only serum T3 is high (normal free T4 concentration), the patient most likely has Graves' disease, radioiodine uptake test, a serum T3/T4 ratio >20 ng/mcg and a serum free T3/free T4 ratio >0.3 |
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Term
| Two major forms of Hashimoto's thyroiditis? |
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Definition
Goiterous autoimmune thyroiditis
Atrophic autoimmune thyroidits (AKA primary myxedema)
Both present w/ lymphocytic infiltration & follicular destruction |
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Term
| MC cause of primary hyperparathyroidism? |
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Definition
| Benign parathyroid tumor (adenoma) |
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Term
| MC cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism? |
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Definition
| Chronic kidney failure (Depletes vit D, leading to hypocalcemia) |
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Term
| Two catecholamine-secreting tumor types? |
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Definition
Pheochromocytoma (from chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla)
Paraganglioma (from sympathetic ganglion) |
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Term
| Pheochromocytoma symptoms? |
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Definition
Classic triad-episodic headache, sweating,
and tachycardia; sustained or paroxysmal hypertension is the most common sign |
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Term
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Definition
Alpha-adrenergic blockade- phenoxybenzamine
Then beta-adrenergic blockade
Surgery |
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Term
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Definition
(Lack of corticosteroids)
Vitiligo (white patches of skin due to destruction of melanocytes)
Hypoglycemia
Hypotension |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary adrenoinsufficiency |
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Term
| Bronze pigmentation of skin should make you think what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tx for bilateral adrenal hyperplasia? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Clinical manifestations of Turner syndrome? |
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Definition
| Short stature, webbed neck, decreased breast development |
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Term
| Function of FSH in males? |
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Definition
| Stimulates Sertoli cells for spermatogenesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone |
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Term
| MC congenital cause of hypogonadism? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Male with extra x chromosome
Gynecomastia, infertility, wide hips, taller than peers, hypospadia (urethra opening on underside of penis) |
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Term
| PCOS: hyper or hypo androgenism? |
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Definition
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