Term
| FETAL CORTICES OF THE ADRENAL GLAND SECRETE ____TO___MG OF STEROID DAILY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THE ADRENAL CORTEX ZONES AND THE HORMONES THEY SECRETE (3) |
|
Definition
ZONA GLOMERULOSA- ALDOSTERONE
ZONA FASCICULATA- GLUCOCORTICOIDS (CORTISOL)
ZONA RETICULARIS- ANDROGENS AND ESTROGENS |
|
|
Term
| THE ADRENAL MEDULLA PRODUCES AND SECRETES |
|
Definition
| CATECHOLAMINES- EPI AND NOREPI |
|
|
Term
| EXCESS GLUCOCORTICOIDS (CORTISOL) RESULTS IN STIMULATION OF WHICH CONDITION: |
|
Definition
| HYPERGLYCEMIA, OSTEOPOROSIS, AND WEIGHT GAIN IN FACE AND TRUNK |
|
|
Term
| EXCESS GLUCOCORTICOIDS (CORTISOL) CAUSE INHIBITION OF WHAT RESPONSES |
|
Definition
| IMMUNE RESPONSES- SLOWS HEALING PROCESS |
|
|
Term
| EXCESS GLUCOCORTICOIDS STIMULATE GASTRIC PEPSIN AND HCL INCREASE RESULTING IN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CORTISOL(GLUCOCORTICOIDS) SECRETION IS REGULATED BY THE |
|
Definition
| HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS |
|
|
Term
| HYPOTHALAMIC CRH STIMULATES THE RELEASE OF WHAT FROM THE PITUITARY? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ADMINISTRATION OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS DOSESE THAT EXCEED PHYSIOLOGIC NEEDS FOR LONGER THAN 3 WEEKS CAN SIGNIFICANTLY ___ THE ABILITY OF H-P-A AXIS TO RELEASE CRH AND ACTH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PATIENTS SHOULD BE WEANED OFF STERIODS TO AVOID SUPPRESSING THE____ AXIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CLINICAL SYNDROME OF EXCESS CORTISOL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CLINICAL SYNDROME OF EXCESS ALDOSTERONE(ZONA GLOMERULOSA) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CLINICAL SYNDROME OF EXCESS ADRENAL ANDROGENS (ZONA RETICULARIS) |
|
Definition
| HIRTUTISM & VIRILIZATION IN FEMALES |
|
|
Term
| MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CUSHINGS SYNDROME |
|
Definition
EXCESS ADMINISTRATION OF CORTICOSTERIODS FOR CHRONIC MEDICAL PROBLEMS:
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
ASTHMA |
|
|
Term
| THE SIGNS OF CUSHINGS ARE A RESULT OF OVERSECRETION OF |
|
Definition
| CORTICAL HORMONES: GLUCOCORTICOIDS, ANDROGENS, AND MINERALOCORTICOIDS |
|
|
Term
| TO DIAGNOSE CUSHINGS____TEST |
|
Definition
| DEXAMETHASONE SUPPRESSION TEST |
|
|
Term
| THE MAJOR EFFECTS OF MINERALOCORTICOIDS (ALDOSTERONE) ARE ON ____ METABOLISM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ALDOSTERONE ACTS ON THE RENAL TUBULAR AND GI EPITHELIUM BY ___SODIUM ABSORPTION AND ____ POTASSIUM OR HYDROGEN IONS |
|
Definition
INCREASES SODIUM ABSORPTION
EXCRETES POTASSIUM
ALDOSTERONE---> WATER RETENSION |
|
|
Term
| ALDOSTERONE (MINERALOCORTICOID) IS SECRETED IN RESPONSE TO ___ IN THE BLOOD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| EXCESS PRODUCTION OF ALDOSTERONE AS A RESULT OF A TUMOR OR ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA IS TERMED |
|
Definition
| PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM AKA CONNS DISEASE |
|
|
Term
| WHEN ARTERIOLAR PRESSURE IN THE RENAL GLOMERULUS DECREASES, THE R-A-S SYSTEM RESPONDS &CAUSES HYPERALDOSTERONISM TERMED... |
|
Definition
SECONDARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM
SEEN IN CHF
CIRRHOSIS OF LIVER
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
EDEMA IS A PROMINENT CLINCAL FEATURE |
|
|
Term
| INCREASED PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY,HTN AND HYPOKALEMIA IS SEEN IN THIS KIND OF HYPERALDOSTERONISM |
|
Definition
PRIMARY
THERE IS A DECREASE IN PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY IN SECONDARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM |
|
|
Term
| TX FOR ADRENALCORITICAL ADENOMA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TX FOR ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA |
|
Definition
| SPIRONOLACTONE- K SPARRING DIURETIC |
|
|
Term
| THE MOST POTENT ADRENAL SEX HORMONE IS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THE 5 MAJOR CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED ANDROGEN EXCESS ARE: |
|
Definition
1. PCOS
2. ANDROGEN PRODUCING TUMORS OF THE OVARY OR ADRENALS
3. ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA
4. IDIOPATHIC HIRTUISM
5. OTHER |
|
|
Term
| CONTINUED ACTH SECRETION WILL LEAD TO INCREASED ANDROGEN SYNTHESIS AND ____ IN FEMALE NEONATES |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOST COMMON CAUSE OF EXCESS ANDROGEN PRODUCTION (ZONA RETICULARIS) |
|
Definition
POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
"PCOS" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
HYPERINSULINEMIA/GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE
ELEVATED LH LEVELS
OBESITY
INFERTILITY
AND HIRSUTISM
ARE SYMPTOMS OF: |
|
Definition
PCOS
THIS IS CONGENITAL
CUSHINGS IS RESULT OF TUMOR AND ALSO HAS VIRILIZATION WHICH IS NOT SEEN IN MOST PCOS CASES |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THE MOST IMPORTANT CONDITION AFFECTING THE ADRENAL MEDULLA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| EXCESS RELEASE OF CATECHOLAMINES (EPI/NOREPI) IN A PAROXYSMAL MANNER IS RESULTANT OF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PRIMARY ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY= ADDISONS DZ IS CHARACTERIZED BY HIGH LEVELS OF |
|
Definition
ACTH
ADRENAL CORTEX IS MESSED UP AND ISNT RECEIVING ACTH SO BODY INCREASES ITS LEVEL |
|
|
Term
| SECONDARY ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY IS CHARACTERIZED BY |
|
Definition
| LOW LEVELS OF ACTH, DEFICIENT SECRETION OF ACTH FROM PITUITARY |
|
|
Term
| MOST COMMON CAUSE OF ADDISONS DZ IS |
|
Definition
| AUTOIMMUNE DESTRUCTION OF ADRENAL GLAD |
|
|
Term
| ACUTE ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY WILL MANIFEST IN THIS PHYSICAL SIGN |
|
Definition
VOMITTING, DEHYDRATION, HYPOTENSION, AND HYPOGLYCEMIA
ADDISONS CRISIS |
|
|
Term
| HYPERPIGMENTATION IS SEEN IN THIS DISEASE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WITHOUT ACTH (ADDISONS) ALDOSTERONE WILL BE DEFICIENT CAUSING LOSS OF SODIUM RESULTING IN: |
|
Definition
HYPONATREMIA
HYPOVOLEMIA
HYPERKALEMIA
AND METABOLIC ACIDOSIS!!! |
|
|
Term
| CORTISOL DEFICIENCY CAUSES HYPO___ |
|
Definition
| HYPOGLYCEMIA- CAN LEAD TO VASCULAR COLLAPSE |
|
|
Term
| TO TEST FOR ACROMEGALY YOU WOULD ORDER THESE TWO TESTS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CAH (CLASSIC CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA): A CONDITION CAUSED BY ENZYME DEFICIENCY INVOLVING A DEFICIENCY IN THIS HORMONE ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| USED BY MOST BODY CELLS AS ENERGY SOURCE: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FAT AND MUSCLE CELLS REQUIRE A CARRIER FACILITATED BY ___ TO TRANSPORT GLUCOSE ACROSS CELL MEMBRANE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| INSULIN IS RELEASE FROM THE ___ CELLS OF PANCREAS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHEN YOU HAVE LOW LEVELS OF GLUCOSE, THE PANCREAS SECRETES GLUCAGON BY THE ___ CELLS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ORGAN RELEASES GLUCOSE INTO THE BLOOD TO RESTORE GLUCOSE LEVELS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| EXCESS GLUCOSE IS STORED IN THE LIVER AS ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LOWERS BLOOD GLUCOSE BY INCREASING GLUCOSE TRANSPORT INTO CELLS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GLYCOGENESIS IS THE FORMATION OF ___ FROM ___ |
|
Definition
GLYCOGEN FROM GLUCOSE
MEDIATED BY INSULIN
PRODUCED BY BETA CELLS OF PANCREAS |
|
|
Term
| THIS HORMONE SECRETED BY THE ADRENAL MEDULLA RAISES BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
THIS HORMONE FROM THE ALPHA CELLS IN PANCREAS RAISES BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
THIS HORMONE FROM THE ADRENAL CORTEX RAISES BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS
|
|
Definition
| CORTISOL/ GLUCOCORTICOIDS |
|
|
Term
THIS HORMONE FROM THE ANT. PITUITARY RAISES BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NORM FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GLUCOSE IS FILTERED AND REABSORBED AT THE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THE RENAL THRESHOLD OF GLUCOSE IS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| EXCRETION OF GLUCOSE IS ACCOMPANIED BY INC EXCRETION OF ___ AND ___ WHICH MAY LEAD TO DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS OR COMA |
|
Definition
| WATER AND ELECTROLYTES ACCOMPANY GLUCOSE EXCRETION |
|
|
Term
| A CHRONIC DISORDER OF ABSOLUTE OR RELATIVE DEFICIENCY OF INSULIN OR INSULIN RESISTANCE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE THAT LEADS TO LACK OF ENDOGENOUS INSULIN IS TERMED |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AUTOANTIBODIES PRODUCED AGAINST THE BETA CELLS THAT LEADS TO A DECLINE OR ABSENCE OF INSULIN IS TERMED |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF TYPE 1 DIABETES OCCUR ONLY WHEN __% OF BETA CELLS HAVE BEEN DESTROYED |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE TO INSULIN, IMPAIRED INSULIN SECRETION, OR EXCESS HEPATIC GLUCOSE PRODUCTION DESCRIBES THIS DIAGNOSIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
PTS WITH ACROMEGALY HAVE GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE
T OF F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AN IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IS DEFINED AS A FASTING BLOOD SUGAR BETWEEN ___ AND ___ MG/DL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A FASTING GLUCOSE OF MORE THAN ___ ON TWO OCCASIONS = DIABETES |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 HR GTT BLOOD GLUCOSE OF OVER ___ = DIABETES |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CLASSIC SXS OF DIABETES AND A RANDOM GLUCOSE OF OVER ___ = DIABETES |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DIABETES IS THE __ LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DIABETES IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF ___ IN THE US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TYPE 1 DIABETES HAS AN ACUTE ONSET WITH THE PRESENTATION OF THE 3 PS: WHICH ARE? |
|
Definition
| POLYURIA POLYDIPSIA, POLYPHAGIA |
|
|
Term
| WILL DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS OCCUR IN TYPE 2 DIABETES? |
|
Definition
NOT GENERALLY
THEY ARE INSULIN RESISTANT
NOT INSULIN DEFICIENT |
|
|
Term
| IF BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS ARE HIGH IT WILL ALSO BE ELEVATED IN THE RBC AND CAN BE MEASURED AS ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NORMAL VALUES FOR GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN ARE: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN IS AKA ____ AND IS MEASURED EVERY ___MONTHS |
|
Definition
HEMOGLOBIN A1C
EVERY 3 MONTHS |
|
|
Term
| THIS IS THE BEST SINGLE TEST FOR EVALUATING THE RISK FOR GLYCEMIC DAMAGE TO TISSUES |
|
Definition
| HEMOGLOBIN A1C AKA GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NPH INSULIN IS ___ ACTING |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ULTRALENTE IS ___ACTING INSULIN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS ARE THE CORNERSTONE OF TX IN TYPE 2 DIABETES |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GLIPIZIDE OR GLYBURIDE ARE AKA ___ AND STIMULATE RELEASE OF ENDOGENOUS INSULIN FOR TYPE 2 DM TX |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| METFORMIN IS AKA ___ AND SUPRESSES HEPATIC GLUCOSE RELEASE AND ENHANCES INSULIN SENSITIVITY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ROSIGLITAZONE AND PIOGLITAZONE ARE AKA ____- THEY LESSEN INSULIN RESISTANCE, LESS RISK OF HYPOGLYCEMIA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DELAYS THE ABSORPTION OF INGESTED CARBOHYDRATES |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CHARACTERIZED BY SUDDEN ONSET
MARKED HYPERGLYCEMIA (300-600)
GLUCOSURIA
SWEET BREATH
INC LIPOLYSIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CONDITION IN WHICH THE HYPERGLYCEMIA IS AROUND 600-1200, BUT THERE IS NO KETOSIS OR METABOLIC ACIDOSIS |
|
Definition
| HYPEROSMOLAR HYPERGLYCEMIC STATE |
|
|
Term
| TX OF AN UNCONSCIOUS PT DUE TO HYPOGLYCEMIA IS |
|
Definition
| IM GLUCAGON OR AN AMPULE OF 50% IV GLUCOSE |
|
|
Term
| RETINOPATHY AND NEPHROPATHY ARE ___ COMPLICATIONS OF DM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THERE IS AN INC OR DEC GFR RATE IN DM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TRI>150
HDL<40
SBP>130 AND DBP>85
FBG>100
BMI>30
PUTS YOU AT RISK OF |
|
Definition
SYNDROME X
A COMBO OF MED DISORDERS THAT INCREASE YOUR RISK OF GETTING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND DIABETES |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IS NECESSARY FOR THE ACTIVATION OF CLOTTING ENZYME IN PLASMA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CALCIUM IS STORED IN THE BODY MOSTLY.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PLASMA CONC OF TOTAL CALCIUM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THREE HORMONES THAT REGULATE CALCIUM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THREE TISSUES THAT REGULATE CALCIUM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PTH IS SECRETED BY ___CELLS OF PARATHYROID |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PTH ___ CALCIUM IN PLASMA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CALCITONIN ___ CALCIUM IN SERUM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IS SECRETED BY THE PARAFOLLICULAR C-CELLS OF THE THYROID GLAND |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ONLY VITAMIN BODY PRODUCES NATURALLY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CONTROLS RATE AT WHICH BODY EXCRETES CALCIUM IN URINE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ACTIVE FORM OF VITAMIN D/CALIFEROL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IS SYNTHESIZED FROM EITHER D2 OR D3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PTH STIMULATES OSTEO___ AND OSTEO__ ACTIVITY AND SUPPRESSES OSTEO____ ACTIVITY |
|
Definition
OSTEO-CLASTIC
OSTEO-LYTIC
SUPRESSES OSTEO-BLASTIC |
|
|
Term
| PTH WORKS WITH ___ TO INC SERUM CALCIUM- PULLS FROM BONES |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PTH STIMULATES THE PROXIMAL TUBULE TO _____ CALCIUM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PTH INHIBITS THE REABSORPTION OF ___ IN THE PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CAUSES HYPERCALCEMIA
HYPOCALCIUREA
HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA
HYPERPHOSPHATURIA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CALCITONIN ___ SERUM CALCIUM LEVELS |
|
Definition
DECREASES serum calcium
THINK calcitonIN= IN to bones
calcitriol= out of bones and into the serum |
|
|
Term
| decreases synthesis of calcitriol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CALCITONIN AND PTH HAVE THIS AFFECT ON PHOSPHATE LEVELS |
|
Definition
| DECREASES THEM- INHIBITS PHOSPHATE REABSORPTION AND IT IS EXCRETED |
|
|
Term
| PTH WORKS SYNERGISTICALLY WITH ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM IS MOSTLY CAUSED BY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM IS MOSTLY DUE TO |
|
Definition
| HYPOCALCEMIA OF CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE |
|
|
Term
URINARY CALCULI
KIDNEY FAILURE
OSTEOPOROSIS
OSTEITIS FIBROSA CYSTICA
ARE ALL SSX OF: |
|
Definition
| PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM |
|
|
Term
| DX FOR PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM IS A SERUM CA LEVEL OF OVER |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM HAS AN ___ CALCIUM SERUM LEVEL AND A ___ PHOSPHATE LEVEL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CALCIMIMETICS ARE A NEW CLASS OF DRUGS THAT TURNS OFF SECRETION OF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HYPOPARATHYROIDISM IS MOSTLY CAUSED BY |
|
Definition
| ACCIDENTAL SURGICAL EXCISION DURING THYROIDECTOMY |
|
|
Term
| HYPERCALCEMIA LEVELS OF ____ SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AN EMERGENCY |
|
Definition
13-15 MG/DL
NORMAL IS 8-10 |
|
|
Term
| THE HALLMARK OF HYPOPARATHYROIDISM IS |
|
Definition
| HYPOCALCEMIA DUE TO DEC PTH |
|
|
Term
| WHEN THE SERUM CA DECREASES IN HYPOPARATHYROIDISM, SERUM PHOSPHATE WILL ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CHVOSTEKS SIGN AND TROUSSEAUS SIGN ARE TESTS FOR |
|
Definition
|
|
