Term
|
Definition
| Aqueous Component with subsets H20, Proteins and Solutes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 7% with subsets: Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 58% and is used for osmotic pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 38% and is used for immunoglobulins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 4% and is used for clotting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2% and have electrolytes, nutrients, gases, hormones and wastes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| RBCs and O2 and CO2 transport |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| WBCs and deal with infection control. subset: neutrophils 60-70%, lymphocytes 20-25%, Monocytes 3-8%, Eosinophils 2-4%, and basophils 0.5-1% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used as platelets or for clotting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| complete blood count with differential count |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 4.2-5.8million per mm3. Anemia and Polycythemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5,000-9,000 per mm3 Leukopenia and Leukocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 250,000-400,000 per mm3 Thrombocytopenia and Thrombocythemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neutropenia/Neutrophilia, Lymphocytopenia/Lymphocytosis, Monocytopenia/Monocytosis, Eosinopenia/Eosinophilia, Basopenia/Basophilia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hematocrit, hemoglobin and Reticulocyte count (reflects bone marrow activity) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Percent of whole blood composed of RBCs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amount of Hgb in specific volume of blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Taken from sternum, vertebrae or iliac crest. Determines number of myeloid, erythroid, megakaryocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Production stimulated by erythropoietin, maturation depends on vitamin b12, folic acid, protein, iron, copper. Rapid hemolysis(will cause increased bilrubin levels, retic count, Hgb in blood and urine) causes jaundice(from rapid release of bilrubin into extracellular fluids). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reduction in number of RBCs, Hgb, hematocrit, sudden reduction results in symptoms of hypovolemia and hypoxemia(restlessness,diaphoresis(cold clammy), tachcardia, SOB), slow reduction allows compensatory mechanism(increased CO and respirations, increased release of O2 from Hgb, fluid being pulled into vascular space, blood shunted to vital organs) to adapt. |
|
|
Term
| 2 classifications of anemia are: |
|
Definition
| size of RBCs and amount of Hgb or etiology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acute blood loss, hemolysis, renal disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vitamin b12 or folic acid deficiency, interfere with DNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic blood loss, iron deficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bleeding(trauma, ulcers, colon polyps, malignancy, hemorrhoids, menstration) and hemolysis(from defective RBCs, isoimmune(incompatible blood), autoimmune(drugs,lymphoma, lupus, RA, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia), malaria, enlarged spleen), decreased/defective RBC production= leukemia, lymphoma, mulitple myeloma, renal disease, nutrient deficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All types of blood cells reduced, normocytic, normochromic. Etiology: Autoimmune, antineoplastic agents, radiation, drugs/chemicals, viral diseases. Signs/symptoms: attributable to deficiences in platelets and WBCs. Treatment: supportive, bone marrow transplant, immunosuppressants. Pancytopenia, drugs=anticonvulsants, thyroid meds, Chemicals=insecticides, Viral=infectious mono, HIV, viral hepatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Microcytic, hypochromic, decreased hemoglobin synthesis, normal RBC count, decreased Hgb. Etiology: menstral losses, pregnancy demands, inadequate iron intake, persistent blood loss. Treatment: treat underlying cause, supplemental iron. Koilonychia, Cheilosis, Palmar pallor. Tongue pale, smooth, shiny, brittle fine hair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deals with iron deficiency anemia. spoon shaped nails. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deals with iron deficiency anemia. redness and cracking at cornors of mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Macrocytic, normochromic, disordered DNA synthesis often due to vitamin b12 and folic acid deficiencies, pernicious anemia(caused by lack of intrinsic factor in stomach, vitamin b12 isnt absorbed). Signs/symptoms: severe glossitis, diarrhea, loss of appetite, Treatment: correct dietary deficiencies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deoxygenation causes sickling of RBCs, sickling causes cells to clump in microvasculature, vascular occlusion, organ infarctions, pain crisis. Treatment: Prevenetive and supportive, antibiotics, snalgesics, hydration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| too many blood cells, increaed blood viscosity and blood volume, brick-red complexion, blood shot eyes, headache and dizziness, predisposed to thrombosis and hemorrhage, bone marrow may become non-productive or convert to acute myelogenous leukemia. Treatment: weekly phlebotomies, drugs to suppress bone marrow activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deals with leukocytes. Have bacterial infections and phagocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antigen-antibody reactions, asthmatic attacks, drug reactions, parasitic infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carry heparin, histamine-activating factors, platelet-activating factors to inflamed tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| leave circulation and become tissue macrophages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tcells= antigen-antibody reactions, Bcells=immunoglobulins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kill tumor cells and virus infected cells without prior exposure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Signs/symptoms= elevated WBCs, lymphadenopathy, hepatisplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia(gum and nose bleeding, petechia, ecchymosis, GI bleeding, UTbleeding), enemia, infections. Malinancy of blood-forming tissues causing suppression and replacement of normal blood cells. Etiology: genetic predisposition, environmental factors. Acute- predominantly undifferentiated cells, Chronic-more mature cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| malignancy of lymphatic system. initial tumor formation in lymph nodes and spleen where abnormal lymphocytes replace normal structure. Etiologies= immunosuppression, environemntal exposure, viral. Categories: hodgkin's disease(has reed-sternberg cells), non-hodgkin's lymphoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1-involves single lymph node or one organ. 2-involves more than two adjacent or two nonadjacent regions. 3-extends above and below diaphrgam, limited to lymph nodes or organ or spleen. 4- involves one or more extralymphatic organs(liver) of tissues. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1-involves single lymph node or one organ. 2-involves more than two adjacent or two nonadjacent regions. 3-extends above and below diaphrgam, limited to lymph nodes or organ or spleen. 4- involves one or more extralymphatic organs(liver) of tissues. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plasma cell(b lymphocyte) dyscrasia with proliferation of immature and mature plasma cells in bone marrow. Bone destruction and replacement of normal nlood cells in bone marrow. Etiology: Genetic susceptibility and radiation exposure. Signs/Symptoms: anemia, thrombocytopenia, Leukopenia, bone destruction(hypercalcemia, pathologic fractures, bone pain) |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Hematoloci Malignancies |
|
Definition
| Chemotherapy and radiation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| At time of injury three major processes occur: Transient vasoconstriction, aggregation of platelets, activation of clotting factors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Labeled I through XIII. Synthesized in liver. Vitamin K essential for synthesis of some clotting factors. Most are plasma proteins that circulate in blood as inactive molecules. After clot formation=natually occuring anticoagulants neutralize the activity of clotting factors and inhibit clotting. Fibrinolytic system= fibrin is split by plasmin into firbin degradation products and dissolution of clot occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hemophilia A=mutation in factor VIII. Hemophilia B=Mutation in factor IX. Classifications=severe-factor activity less than 1%, moderate-factor activity 1-5%, Mild-factor activity 5% or greater. Spontaneous bleeding occurs with factor activity less than 1%. With 5% or greater bleeding is generally related to trauma or surgery. Clinical Manifestations: bleeding into soft tissues, muscles, joints, particularly weight-bearing joints. Retroperitoneal bleeding, intracranial bleeding. Treatment: Minor bleeding=20-50% factor activity level for a few days. Surgery or intracranial bleeding=100% factor activity level for minimum of 2 weeks. Fresh frozen plasma contains clotting factors |
|
|
Term
| Acquired clotting factor deficiencies |
|
Definition
| decreased production of clotting factors: liver disease, vitamin K deficiency from malnutrition, malabsorption or GI sterilization from antibiotics. Increased consumption of clotting factors: disseminated intravascular coagulation. |
|
|
Term
| Disseminated Intravasular Coagulation (DIC) |
|
Definition
| not disease but consequence of underlying disease process. Alteration of any component of vascular system(vessel wall, plasma proteins, platelets) can result in consumptive disorder. Any condition in which tissue thromboplastin is released due to tissue injury causes initiation of clotting pathway. |
|
|
Term
| Clinical manifestation of DIC |
|
Definition
| diffuse clots occulde microvasular, mostly affects kidney, skin, brain, pituitary, lungs, adrenals, GI tract. After consumption of clotting factors, see bleeding from every orifice. Hypotension, oliguria or anuria, convulsions and coma, N&V, diarrhea, abdominal pain, back pain, dyspnea, cyanosis. Foot and arms are from snake bites, hang after spleenectomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| correct underlying cause, replacement of clotting factors, RBC and Platelet transfusions. Heparin=neutralizes thrombin activity and prevents consumption of clotting factors. Is controversial but is used when replacement of factors doesn't stop bleeding. |
|
|
