Term
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Definition
the factors or agents of a disease:
congenital
hereditary or genetic
infectious (pathogens)
immunologic dysfunctions (i.e. autoimmune)
metabolic derangements (catabolism, anabolism)
degenerative changes (wear and tear)
malignancy
physical damage (trauma, burns, etc.)
chemical agents (poisoning, toxins)
environment and occupational factors
nutritional
iatrogenic (treatment-caused)
idiopathic (of an unknown cause) |
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Term
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Definition
helps develop the disease. increase a patients probability of acquiring a disease. do not cause the disease directly. most of them are preventable.
The risk factors:
diet
smoking
sedentary lifestyle
exposure to asbestos |
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Term
disease classification
by the onset: Acute |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| prophylaxis *elimination of the predisposing of the etiological factor *assisting the organisms immune system or helping change lifestyle. (i.e. vaccinations) |
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Term
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Definition
| the course of the disease (all events along the disease duration, including tissue changes.) |
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Term
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Definition
*injury
*necrosis
*inflammation
*repair and convalescene (recovery) |
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Term
| Pathogenesis is expressed in or dealt with: |
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Definition
*onset
*manifestations
*diagnostics
*complications (if applicable)
*therapy
*outcome
(Old Men Do Not Come To Orgasm) |
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Term
disease classification
by the onset: insidious |
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Definition
| gradual progression with mild signs and symptoms |
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Term
disease classification
by the progression: acute |
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Definition
| short term, fact developed, with marked signs and symptoms (s&s) |
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Term
| disease classification by the progression: chronic |
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Definition
| long term, gradually developed, vague signs and symptoms, more tissue damage |
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Term
disease classification
by the progression: subacute (subclinical) |
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Definition
| no OBVIOUS manifestation. harder to diagnose and treat. |
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Term
| stages of a disease: 1. latent stage |
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Definition
| silent with no visible clinical signs or symptoms - called incubation in infectious diseases. |
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Term
stages of a disease:
2. prodromal |
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Definition
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Term
stages of a disease:
3. manifestations |
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Definition
signs and symptoms present
local or systemic |
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Term
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Definition
| objective, 'visible' by a medical professional |
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Term
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Definition
| subjective, feelings of the patient |
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Term
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Definition
| a complex of signs and symptoms together. |
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Term
| stages of a disease: 4. remission or exacerbation period. |
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Definition
| disappearance or reappearance of the disease |
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Term
stages of a disease:
5. convalescence or complications |
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Definition
| recovery or complications |
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Term
| to establish a diagnosis, they have to study and determine: |
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Definition
* predisposing factors
*etiology
*pathogenesis
*clinical manifestations
*diagnostics tests and their interpretation |
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Term
| to further study the disease, they consider: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
probability of a recovery or other outcome
*usually determined as a result of statistical analysis of the disease |
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Term
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Definition
| naming (identification) of the disease |
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Term
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Definition
| the direct cause of the disease |
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Term
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Definition
| risk factors contributing to the disease appearance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| manifestations of the disease |
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Definition
| the way the disease shows itself |
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Term
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Definition
increase in cell number
*either compensatory or pathological
*not a cancer, but the risk of cancer may be increased. |
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Term
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Definition
replacement of one cell type with another
i.e.: squamous cell metaplasia in the upper respiratory tract in smokers.
barrett's esophagus in GERD |
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Term
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Definition
| tissue cells abnormally vary in size and shape, with large nuclei, and fast mitosis. confined in one place and are still mature tissue cells. results from chronic irritation or infection. definately pre-cancer. cells are atypical |
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Term
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Definition
immature cells (cells that lost differentiation, look like embryonic)
-associated with malignancy (early cancer) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*benign (non cancer)
*malignant (cancer) |
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Term
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Definition
new problems secondary to the initial ones
-a result of the initial problems
-arise after the initial disease begins |
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Term
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Definition
| an event that triggers an acute episode |
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Term
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Definition
deals with statistics
studies the behavior of disease in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| disease rate within a population |
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Term
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Definition
| number of deaths within a population |
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Term
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Definition
| a mass occurrence of the disease in a specific area. |
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Term
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Definition
| high number of cases wide spread or worldwide |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of NEW cases within a population. |
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Term
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Definition
| NEW and OLD cases of the disease |
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Term
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Definition
| spread from person to person. usually infectious. |
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Term
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Definition
| same disease displays itself in same population in history. |
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Term
cellular adaptation to injury:
atrophy (hypotrophy) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*reduced use of the tissue
*insufficient nutrition or blood supply
*decreased neurological or hormonal stimulation
*aging (systemic atrophy) |
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Term
cellular adaptation to injury:
hypertrophy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*overworking the tissue
*excessive nutrition
*excessive hormonal stimulation
(i.e.: cardiac wall hypertrophy or increase skeletal muscle mass) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cell (tissue) death as a result of damage. |
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Term
| cell injury is caused by: |
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Definition
| 1. hypoxia 2. physical agents (heat, cold, radiation, electricity) 3. chemical substances (poisoning, toxins, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| insufficient blood supply |
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Term
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Definition
| oxygen starvation of a tissue; the most common cause of hypoxia is ischemia. |
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Term
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Definition
outcome
^
repair (connective or scar tissue)
^
inflammation (local or systemic)
^
morphologic (structural) changes in the organ and the cells are LYSED (destroyed) with the lysomal enzymes
^
cell death (necrosis)
^
irreversble
^
loss of function
^
cell damage |
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Term
necrosis classification:
coagulative: |
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Definition
cell proteins are denatured (curdled, look dry and dark)
-cells (and the dead organ) retain their approximate shape (look empty) |
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Term
| types of coagulative necrosis: |
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Definition
1. dry gangrene of an extremity.
2. (myocardial) infarction (heart attack) |
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Term
necrosis classification:
liquification: |
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Definition
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Term
| types of liquification of a cell: |
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Definition
1. fat necrosis
2. caseous (cheesy) necrosis (i.e.: TB)
3. wet gangrene (dead tissues are immediately invaded by bacteria) |
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