Term
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Definition
| cooling of the body, changes 1-1.5 degrees F until it reaches ambient temp. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Lividity) gravitational pooling of blood, clots become "fixed" by 12 hrs post-mortem |
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Term
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Definition
| stiffening of the body, stiffening becomes maximum at 12 hrs and then decreases until body is flaccid again, approx 24 hrs post-mortem |
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Term
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Definition
| O2 deprivation resulting in interruption of oxidative metabolism and generation of ATP. |
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Term
| Cellular Injury- Physical Agents |
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Definition
| mechanical forces, temperature extremes, and electrical injuries that cause cell and tissue injury. |
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Term
| Cellular Injury-Chemical agents and drugs |
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Definition
| ethylene alcohol (ETOH), prescription, OTC, and street drugs that can injure cells and tissues. |
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Term
| Cellular Injury-Biologic Agents |
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Definition
| Virus', bacteria and parasites can replicate and continue tissue disruption. |
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Term
| Cellular Injury-Ionizing Radiation |
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Definition
| Can cause ionization of atoms/molecules in cells, directly hit target molecules or aid in free radical production. |
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Term
| Mechanisms of cellular injury-Hypoxic injury |
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Definition
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Term
| Mechanisms of cellular injury-Free Radical Injury |
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Definition
| caused by unstable chemical w/ an unpaired electron in the outer orbit, causing lipid perioxidation, oxidative modification of proteins, and DNA effects. Vitamins E,A, and C protect against free-radicals. |
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Term
| state the steps of cell injury |
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Definition
| Cell injury-decreased ATP production, acidosis develops, then either intracellular edema or free radical formation occurs. Both lead to organelle damage and cell destruction. |
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Term
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Definition
| liquid exudates from center of absess. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gray, firm mass, characteristic of hypoxic injury and seen in infarcted areas. |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of coagulative necrosis, presents with a "cheese-like" center, cheesy material from fat-like infiltrate. |
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Term
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Definition
| form of coagulation necrosis, from an interference of arterial blood flow. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dry can be converted to wet, it's an interference of venous return and is a form of liquifactive necrosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| special type, that results from infection of already devitalized tissues or from Clostridium bacterium. Bacteria produces toxins that dissolve cell membranes, causing death of muscle cells, massive spreading edema, hemolysis of RBC's, and renal failure. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Cell suicide", eliminating cells that are worn out, in excess, have developed improperly, or have genetic damage. |
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Term
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Definition
| apoptosis, , normal cell turnover, cellular dysfunction, tissue atrophy, increased loss of cells are normal with aging. |
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Term
| cell types involved in the inflammatory process: |
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Definition
| Endothelial cells, platelets, Leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, monocyte/macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells). |
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Term
| Endothelial Cells roll in inflammatory response |
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Definition
| produce vasodilators/vasoconstrictors, , provide selective permeability barrier to inflammatory stimuli, regulate leukocyte extravasation, regulate immune cell proliferation via secretion of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), involved in repair process of inflammation by producing growth factors. |
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Term
| Platelets roll in inflammatory process |
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Definition
| activated platelets release potent inflammatory mediators, increasing vascular permeability. |
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Term
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Definition
| first cells to arrive at inflammation site, can engulf bacteria/debri via phagocytosis. are granulocytes, that contain enzymes that destroy engulfed microbes and dead tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Are granulocytes, granules are toxic to parasitic worms, 2nd to arrive at inflammation site. in allergic rxn's they control release of chemical mediators. |
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Term
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Definition
| Are granulocytes, important in allergic rxn's, IgE binds and release histamine and vasoactive agents from the granules, are precursors to Mast cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| prevalent along mucosal surfaces of lung, GI tract, dermis of skin. when activated, histamine,proteases, cytokines, and serotonin are released. Histamine/serotonin are among the first to be released in acute inflammatory rxn's. |
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Term
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Definition
| monocytes turn into macrophages after they get to inflammation site. they produce potent vasoactive mediators like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor, inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. macrophages destroy causative agent, aid in signaling process of immunity, resolve inflammatory process and initiate healing. |
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Term
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Definition
| participate in immune/non-immune-mediated inflammation caused by infectious agents associated with cell injury and death. |
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