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| also known as malignant neoplasia; group of more than 100 diseases characterized by DNA damage that causes abnormal cell growth and development |
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| 1st step in cancer development; damage to DNA and it's resulting mutation |
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| 2nd step in cancer development; mutated cell is exposed to growth factors |
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| 3rd step in cancer development; tumor continues to mutate and metastasizes |
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| 1st control; identifies mutation and rids of it |
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| 2nd control; suppresses tumor growth |
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| 3rd control; controls cell and tumor growth |
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| 4th control; normal cell death |
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| 1st phase in the cell cycle; also called G1 phase; growth and normal metabolic roles |
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| 2nd phase in the cell cycle; also called S phase; DNA replication |
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| 3rd phase in the cell cycle; also called G2 phase; growth and preparation for mitosis |
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| 4th and final phase in the cell cycle; also called M phase; consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (in that order) |
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| abnormal growth of body tissue; can be malignant (cancerous) or benign (non-cancerous); needs nutrients, oxygen, and blood supply to grow |
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| initial stage; remains in area of origin |
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| 1st step in metastasis; tumor spreads to surrounding tissues and lymph nodes |
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| tumor spreads to distant site; most common route of metastasis is via blood or lymph channels |
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| stands for change in bowel or bladder habits; 1st of the 7 warning signs of cancer |
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| stands for a sore that does not heal; 2nd of the 7 warning signs of cancer |
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| stands for unusual bleeding or discharge; 3rd of the 7 warning signs of cancer |
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| stands for thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere; 4th of the 7 warning signs of cancer |
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| stands for indigestion or difficulty swallowing; 5th of the 7 warning signs of cancer |
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| stands for obvious change in a wart or mole; 6th of the 7 warning signs of cancer |
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| stands for nagging cough or hoarseness; 7th and last of the 7 warning signs of cancer |
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type of tumor staging
T: primary tumor
N: nodal involvement
M: distant metastasis |
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Definition
| eradicate the cancer and promote long-term survival; 1st of the 4 goals of treatment |
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Definition
| to arrest tumor growth; 2nd of the 4 goals of treatment |
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Definition
| to alleviate symptoms when the disease is beyond control (followed by pain control and hospis); 3rd of the 4 goals of treatment |
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| to provide treatment (preventative surgery or preventative medication) when no tumor is detectable but the patient is known to be at high risk for tumor development; 4th of the 4 goals of treatment |
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