Term
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Definition
| the bone is broken all the way through |
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Term
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Definition
| the bone is damaged but is still in one piece |
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Term
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Definition
| noncommunicating wound between bone and skin (skin intact) |
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Term
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Definition
| communicating wound between bone and skin (skin open or not intact) |
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Term
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Definition
| an angular break across a bone |
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Term
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Definition
| a twisting a part of a bone like a spiral staircase |
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Term
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Definition
| A perpendicular break across the bone |
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Term
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Definition
| bone fragments are squished into each other |
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Term
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Definition
| bone density is decreased by a disease (osteoporosis), the weakened bone is then subject to easier fracture. |
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Term
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Definition
| an incomplete break involving one side of the bone |
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Term
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Definition
| a microfracture that results from repeated insult to the same area |
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Term
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Definition
| a bone breaks or splinters into 2 or more fragments |
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Term
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Definition
| Deformity, local edema and erythema, acute pain and tenderness, decreased mobility, numbness |
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Term
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Definition
| the complete separation of bone from a joint |
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Term
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Definition
| a complete separation of a tendon or ligament from its bony attachment site |
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Term
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Definition
| is partial separation of bone from the joint |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an inflammation of a tendon where it attaches to a bone at its origin |
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Term
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Definition
| cancerous mass of cells that grow, invade, and metastasize, usually causes death |
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Term
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Definition
| noncancerous but abnormal overgrowth or mass of cells, nonrecurrence and complete recovery after excision is common |
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Term
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Definition
Cell mediated or delayed hypersensitivity, sensation usually develops with 1st exposure to antigen and symptoms occur with reexposure.
Ex. posin Ivy. S&S erythema, swelling, pruritic vesicualr lesions in area of contact |
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Term
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Definition
Non-immunologically mediated inflammation of skin that promote systemic involvement.
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs on legs as result of venous stasis and edema and is associated with varicosities, phlebitis, and vascular trauma. |
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Term
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Definition
| (boil) inflammation of hair follicles; can occur anywhere there is hair |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of infected hair follicles; usually occur on upper back and lateral thighs (systemic) |
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Term
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Definition
| ectopic growth of endometrial tissue outside uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| overgrowth of endometrium (inside) |
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Term
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Definition
| sac filled with fluid or semisolid material that develops in or on the ovary |
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Term
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Definition
| descent of the bladder and anterior vaginal wall into vaginal canal |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in blood volume and increase blood viscosity |
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Term
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Definition
| increased RBCs in response to hypoxia |
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Term
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Definition
| an acute infection of B-lymphocytes with Epstein-Barr virus |
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Term
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Definition
malignant lymphocytes (T-cells) invade lymph system, enlarged, painless lymph nodes in one or more are
*Reed Sternberg cells in lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
| Mutations in cellular genes in a single cell leads to loss of control of proliferation and other aspects of cell growth. Many mutations are environmentally induced. Typically occur in people >50yrs |
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Term
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Definition
| Malignant plasma (B-cells) infiltrate bone marrow leads to bone destruction and increase in M-protein which is then sereted by kidney causing kidney damage. Bence Jones protein in urine and invades lymph nodes, liver, pleen and decrease immune response. |
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Term
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Definition
| Presence of relatively few platelets in blood. |
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Term
Patho
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) |
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Definition
| There is injury to endothelial cells in blood vessels that leads to microemboli and clots in small vessels, leading to clotting factors being consumed (used up) causing bleeding (hemorrhage) |
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Term
Closed pnuemothorax
simple spontaneous |
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Definition
| tear on the surface of the lung |
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Term
Closed pneumothorax
secondary |
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Definition
| rupture of bleb on lung surface by a tumor or tuberculae cavitation |
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Term
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Definition
| "sucking wound" large opening in chest wall atmospheric air enters the pleural cavity through opening |
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Term
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Definition
| most serious form. Result of an opening through chest wall and parietal pleura or from a tear in the lung tissue and visceral pleura. Air enters on inspiration but hole closes on expiration "trapping air" |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid collecting in alveoli and interstitial area can result from other conditions. reduces amount of O2 diffusing into blood. This interferes with lung expansion |
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Term
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Definition
| the repair and replacement of inflammed tissue or organs by connective tissues. Narrowed airways, weakened endothelial walls leads to decreased protective barriers. Interference with passive expiratory airflow. |
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Term
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Definition
| Injury to alveolar wall and capillary membrane. resulting in release of chemical mediators. Also stimulates platelet aggregation and neutrophil and macrophage activity |
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Term
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Definition
| infection is encased by tubercle (contain live vacilla) walled off and calcifying TB skin test will be positive, but chest x-ray will show tubercles. Asymptomatic, non-infectious |
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Term
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Definition
| Myobacteria reproduce and begin to destroy lung tissue. Contagious form |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammationn of the mucosa and edema. Bronchi constriction due to contraction of smooth muscle. Increase secretion of thick mucus in airways. Changes create hypersensitive or hyperresponsive airways. |
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Term
| BUN & creatinine lab test |
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Definition
| most commonly used to check renal function |
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Term
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Definition
| most specific to kidney function; as it is used to monitor progressive renal dysfunction. |
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Term
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Definition
| hemorrhage, hypovolemia, DM, hypotension, massive pulmonary embolism, heart failure |
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Term
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Definition
| trauma to kidneys, acute tubular necrosis, vascular damage |
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Term
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Definition
| ureter obstruction, bladder neck obstruction |
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Term
| Clinical manifestations of cystitis |
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Definition
| fever, malaise, nausea, leukocytosis, cloudy urine, bacteriuria, pyuria, hematuria |
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Term
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Definition
| very intense spasm of flank pain radiating to groin |
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Term
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Definition
| condition of deep sleep. Arouse only to vigorous stimulation with only slight eye opening. Responds by withdrawing or grabbing at stimulus |
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Term
Patho
Parkinson's disease |
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Definition
| Dopamine works to control and refine voluntary movement |
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Term
Patho
Alzheimer's disease |
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Definition
| plaques form & block synapses and eventually blocks transmission completely. Tangles within nerves form. |
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Term
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Definition
| thrombus formed outside brain, causes ischemia inside brain vessel; most common from DVT's or plaque |
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Term
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Definition
| arterial occlusions caused by thrombi in arteries supplying brain or in brain |
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Term
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Definition
| can be caused by HTN, ruptured aneurysm, bleeding disorder, head trauma, drug use |
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Term
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Definition
| temporary decreases in brain blood flow which causes brief changes in brain function |
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Term
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Definition
| awareness of position of body and its parts |
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Term
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Definition
| paralysis of 1 side of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| blindness on half of visual field |
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Term
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Definition
| insluin shock; glucose decrease in blood |
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Term
DKA
(Diabetic ketoacidosis) |
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Definition
| insufficient insulin in blood. increase blood glucose level; use of lipids to meet cell needs |
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Term
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Definition
| hyperosmolarity leads to severe dehydration |
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Term
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Definition
| obstruction/rupture of small capillaries and arteries leads to tissue necrosis and loss of function that leads to neuropathy/loss of sensation; retinopathy, chronic renal failure |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal lipid levels affect large arteries; heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral artery disease; result in ulcers on feet; frequent infections, gangrenous ulcers, and amputation may be necessary |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by attacks of vasospasm in the small arteries and arterioles in the fingers |
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Term
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Definition
| immune and inflammatory disease of peripheral arteries |
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Term
| Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) |
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Definition
| refers to athersclerotic disease in arteries that diffuse to the limbs |
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Term
| Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) |
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Definition
| inadequate venous return over a long period, chronic pooling of blood in veins and lower extremities |
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Term
| Intermittent claudication |
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Definition
| Pain in the muscle of the legs that is regular yet sporadic. Can occur while walking or exercising and is caused by athersclerosis of the blood vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| recurrent, intermittent brief episodes of substernal chest pain, triggered by physical or emotional stress, relieved by rest and administration of coronary vasodilators (nitroglycerin) and lasts 5 min or less |
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Term
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Definition
| transient episodes lasting 10-20 min, reversible ischemia, occurs at rest, sign of impending infaction. |
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Term
| Myocardial infarction (MI) |
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Definition
| occurs when coronary artery is totally obstructed. Athersclerosis is most common cause. decreased O2 (>20min) in cardiac cells that leads to irreversible cell damge. |
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Term
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Definition
| less blood flows through narrow opening, but NO backflow |
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Term
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Definition
| blood flows freely forward but regurgitates backward=leaky |
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Term
Mechanical Obstruction
Volvulus |
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Definition
| Twisting of the intestine on its mesenteric pedicle with occlusion of the blood supply |
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Term
Mechanical Obstruction
Intussception |
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Definition
| most common cause of acquired intestinal obstruction in infants/ telescoping or invagination of a portion of the intestines into another. |
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Term
Mechanical Obstruction
Hernia |
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Definition
| protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal muscles or through the inguinal ring. |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the stomach protrudes through opening of the diaphragm |
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Term
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Definition
| slides up and back down with position changes (especially lying down) |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the fundus (top part) of stomach moves above diaphragm-leads to mechanical obstruction of blood vessels in stomach, MEDICAL EMERGENCY can lead to necrosis due to hypoxia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gastroesophageal reflus disease is stomach contents chronically regurgitates into esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| formation of gallstones (calculi) that form in bile in the gallbladder. Not stuck in ducts, just stones fromed. |
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Term
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Definition
| stones obstruct ducts and leads to inflammation of gallbladder and bile duct causing a lot of pain |
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Term
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Definition
| inability or difficulty swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
| failure of esophageal sphincter to relax due to neuro problems |
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Term
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Definition
| developmental defect/esophagus blind end |
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Term
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Definition
| stenosis or stricture (scar tissue) constricts esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| tumor outside of stomach pushes into stomach or esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| pouch forms in esophagus and catches food casing obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| increase in number of cells of a tissue or organ |
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormal changes in cell growth that results in cells that vary in size, shape, and appearance of mature cells |
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Term
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Definition
| reversible replacement of one type of cell by another in an attempt to adapt to persistent injury; cells are less differentiated |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle weakness, twitching, seizures, thirst, fever, decrease UOP, water deficit |
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Term
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Definition
| brain swelling, depression, confusion, coma, HA, seizures, edema, wt. gain, water excess |
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Term
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Definition
| bone pain, lethargy, confusion, gastric upset, kidney stone |
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Term
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Definition
| seizures, twitching, edema, bone pain, asystole |
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