Term
| Unbound-peptide or proetein(water soluble hormone)transport w/SURFACE RECEPTOR |
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Definition
require PLASMA(CELL) MEMBRANE RECEPTORS
-pituitarty, hypothalamic, parathyroid hormones act through 2nd messengers (cAMP)
-insulin (is"first messenger") acts by direct activation of receptor protein tyrosine kinase |
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Term
| Lipid soluble hormones bound to transport carrier molecules w/INTRACELLULAR RECEPTOR |
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Definition
utilize either nuclear or cytosolic receptors on transport carriers
-STEROIDS: cortisol, androgens, synthesized from cholesterol; THYROID hormones diffuse though cell membranes b/c are small hydrophobic molecules
-act by causing nuclear transcription of specific fenes to code for desired proteins |
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Term
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Definition
-complex interaction w/nervous, circulatory,& immune system
1.Receptor modulation: up-regulating (low conc.hormones) or down-regulating (high conc. hormones) # of available receptor's (lock & key)
2.Negative feedback: target organ hormone (cortisol) inhibits secretion of RELEASING hormone (from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary) & TROPIC hormone (ex.ACTH stimulates release of cortisoL from adrenalcortex)
3.Neural regulation: ex. adrenal medulla releases epiniphrine in response to SNS stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in # of cells in an organ or tissue |
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Term
| Hormones from hypothalamus via nerve axon to release at POSTERIOR pituitary |
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Definition
| ADH (controls serum osmolality by inc. water reabsorption in kidney) & oxytocin (love-mammory, uterine contractions, sperm motility?) |
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Term
| Hypothalamic releasing or inhibiting hormones via portal vessels to ANTERIOR pituitary |
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Definition
| GH (growth hormone: excess: kids-proportional gigantism,adults-acromegaly from hepatic secretion of IGF-1, inc. hand/facial growth) TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), ACTH (release of adrenal corticosteroids or androgens -secretes in response to low cortisol levels, diurnal rhythms, stress), FSH (stimulates spermatogenesis & testosterone in men; estradiol& progesterone in women), LH(growth of testicular tissue & ovulation), Prolactin (breast development,lactation, fertility & testosterone production in men), MSH |
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Term
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Definition
| relating to or charcterized by an object or organ being situated in an unusual place, away from it's normal location |
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Term
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Definition
| too much drinking, thirst |
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Term
| Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)-excess ADH |
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Definition
-produced (ectopic secretions) in many carcinomas
-post-op crani/pituitary surgery
-meds:antidepressants, anesthetics, morphine
tx: treat underlying cause, fluid restriction, correct hyponatremia (dec. salt) |
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Term
| Deficiency of ADH: Diabetes Insipidus |
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Definition
-neurogenic DI: dec. synthesis of ADH
-nephrogenic DI: failure of nephrone to respond to ADH
-high thirst & urine volume, spec. gravity 1.001-1.005
tx: vasopressin & DDAVP (used for bed wetting) |
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Term
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Definition
-most common anterior pituitary disorder:from tumor or meds (antispychotics & tricyclic antidepressants)
tx. drugs that stimulate dopamine receptors in brain (bromocriptine) |
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Term
| Hormones of ADRENAL CORTEX |
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Definition
1.androgens & adrenal estrogen
2.mineralocorticoids: aldosterone (in response to angiotensis II)-inc. activity of Na+ pump (conserve Na+ in nephron
3.glucocorticoids: cortisol- metabolic, anti-inflammatory & growth suppresing effects (pg. 7) |
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Term
| Adrenal medulla hormone excess/defficiencies |
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Definition
catecholamines: epi & norepi
-Hyperfunction-pheochromocytoma-tumor of chromaffin cells (90% benign): highly vascular & may rupture
-chronic secretion of catecholamines leads to severe hypertension & it's effects
Hypofunction: generally insignificant |
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Term
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Definition
(respond to TSH)
- T4 & T3: metabolic processes
-calcitonin: dec. serum calcium by inhibiting osteoclastic (break down of Ca) activity & inc. osteoblastic (growth promoting) activity
hyperthyroidism= turn everything up (Grave's disease-autoimune- goiter, bulging eyes, heat intolerance, hypermetabolism)
hypothyroidism=turn everything down (congenital defects-autosomal recesive, iodine deficiency, untreated= myxedema "mucinous"-slugish/overweight, respritory depression) IRREVERSABLE |
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Term
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Definition
-from cell mediated autoimmune destruction of beta islet cells(which relase insulin)
-associated with certain HLA haplotypes (runs in family w/autoimune diesease)
-presence of ICAs (islet cell antibodies) years inadvance
-can't metabalize glucose- fasting blood glucose> 120mg/dL |
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Term
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Definition
-90% of diabetics
-relative insuline deficiency or insulin resistance with (inc. insulin & inc. hepatic glucose production but dec. glucose uptake)
-metabolic syndrome X (central obesity, high BP, high triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol, insulin resistance)
-obesity |
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