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| what type of muscle is found in the bronchial walls? |
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Definition
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Definition
| sensitive to increased pulmonary capillary pressure, which stimulates them to initiate rapid, shallow breathing laryngeal constriction on expiration and mucus secretion; hypotension; and bradycardia |
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| Surfactant is produced by |
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| Which conditions will cause a shift to the left in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve? |
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| The oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is shifted to the right by |
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Definition
| acidosis (low pH) and hypercapnia (increased Paco2) |
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| The right and left main bronchi enter the lungs at the |
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Definition
| hila, or “roots” of the lungs |
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Definition
| glucose made from non-carbohydrates substances |
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| The most common cause of hypoxemia is |
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Definition
| Ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Hypoxemia can be caused by inadequate ventilation of well-perfused areas of the lung (low V•/Q•). Hypoxemia also can be caused by poor perfusion of well-ventilated portions of the lung (high V•/Q•), resulting in wasted ventilation |
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Term
| Diffusion of oxygen through the alveolocapillary membrane is impaired if |
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Definition
| the alveolocapillary membrane is thickened or the surface area available for diffusion is decreased |
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Term
| Hypoventilation results in |
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Definition
| an increase in PACO2 and a decrease in Pao2 such that there is less oxygen available in the alveoli for diffusion into the blood. This type of hypoxemia can be completely corrected if alveolar ventilation is improved by increases in the rate and depth of breathing. |
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| The Fio2 of air at sea level is |
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Definition
| approximately 21% or 0.21 |
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| Anything that decreases the Fio2 (such as high altitude) |
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Definition
| represents any change in the lung caused by inhalation of inorganic dust particles, which usually occurs in the workplace. Pneumoconiosis is caused by long-term inhalation of dust particles. Dust particles that produce this disorder include coal, asbestos, silica, talc, fiberglass, and mica. |
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