Term
| Primary Determinants of Blood Pressure |
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Definition
Blood Volume
Cardiac Output
Peripheral Resistance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Most common type of hypertension has no known cause |
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Definition
| Primary (Essential) Hypertension |
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Term
Causes for this Hypertension are:
Systemic Disease process that raises peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac output
Medications
Related to physiological event (pregnancy) |
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Definition
| Secondary Hypertension : If cause is identified and removed prior to permanent structural changes occurring, blood pressure can return to normal. |
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Term
| Enlargement of the heart, primarily as a consequence of the concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle, is the principal consequence of hypertension. |
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Definition
| Cardiomegaly: The thickness of the left ventricle from a normal thickness of 1.2 cm to 2.5 cm, all muscle fibers will be thickened. Thus myocardial fibrosis is a common histological finding in cardiomegaly. |
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Term
| Hypertension damages the aorta, major and minor arteries, and arterioles. Hypertension accelerates the development of atherosclerosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Vascular changes in the brain that usually cause acute of chronic cerebral ischemia. |
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Definition
| Hypertensive encephalopathy: such damage to brain can be detected with a histological examination of the brain. |
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Term
| May impair vision and can eventually cause blindness. Retinal changes are among the first sign of hypertension. This why eye examinations are so important. |
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Definition
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Term
| Complications of Hypertension |
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Definition
Cardiomegaly
Vascular Pathology
Hypertensive Encephalopathy
Hypertensive Retinopathy |
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Term
A systemic, immunologically mediated disease related to streptococcal infections.
Can affect the heart and several other organs such as joints, skin, and CNS. |
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Definition
| Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) |
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Term
| RHD is what kind of carditis |
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Definition
| RHD is a pancarditis which means it involves all the layers of the heart and thus may present as endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis, or all of these conditions. |
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Term
| Inflammation of the internal surface lining of the heart chambers. |
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Definition
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Term
| Infections affecting the myocardium are typically caused by viruses, such as coxsackie B virus, or parasite such as Toxoplasmas gondii or Trypanosoma cruzi. |
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Definition
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Term
| Inflammation of the pericardium and epicardium. Typically caused by bacteria and viruses. |
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Definition
| Pericarditis: always associated with exudation of fluid into the pericardial sac and such fluid is usually accompanied by viral infections. |
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Term
| Fluid in the pericardial sac |
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Definition
Serous Percarditis: clear and yellow
Serofibrinous exudate: associated with more severe damage and in those with RF or early bacterial infection.
Purulent exudate- a hallmark of bacterial infections ad is caused by pus forming bacteria, such as staphylococci, and streptococci. |
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Term
| An immunologic reaction to streptococci that affects the joints and heart. |
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Definition
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Term
| Used to describe a group of diseases affecting the myocardium of the heart. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
read pg 163
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy |
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Term
| The most important disease affecting the blood vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| The only hope for patients with a cardiomyopathy is? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pericarditis may be isolated but it is most often associated with other infections of the heart, such as myocarditis. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 120-39 systolic 80-89 diastolic |
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Term
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Definition
140-159 systolic
90-99 diastolic |
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Term
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Definition
greater than 159 systolic
greater than 99 diastolic |
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Term
| amount of blood discharged from our body per minute |
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Definition
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Term
| High BP can cause blurred vision, facial flushing, and Headaches |
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Definition
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Term
| many joints become inflammed |
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Definition
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Term
| neurological disorder with lessions on on the brain causes involuntary movements |
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Definition
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Term
| Consists of aggregates of lymphocytes and macrophages around a central zone of fibrinoid necrosis. Destroy the myocardium. may cause arrhythmias or cardiac conduction problems |
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Definition
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Term
| Inadequate alveolar ventilation to meet metabolic demands causes drugs, alcohol, sedation, obesity, anesthesia |
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Definition
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Term
| Increased rate and depth respiration; exceeding metabolic demands. causes anxiety |
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Definition
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Term
| Increased CO2 in the blood causes due to depressed respirations |
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Definition
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Term
| Reduced oxygenation of arterial blood |
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Definition
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Term
| Reduced oxygenation of the tissues |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| fluid in pulmonary spaces |
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Definition
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Term
| fluid in pulmonary spaces |
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Definition
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Term
| constriction of airways with inspiration and expiration |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Fast respiratory rate with small tidal volumes |
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Definition
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Term
| feeling of shortness of breath difficulty breathing |
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Definition
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Term
| Shortness of breath that awakens one |
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Definition
| Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea |
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Term
| Dyspnea when in lying position |
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Definition
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Term
| Blueness of the lips and mucous membranes |
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Definition
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Term
| Blueness of tissues in the fingers and toes |
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Definition
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Term
| Blueness of the lips and mucous membranes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chest x ray and Sputum culture/nucleic acid amplification |
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Term
| Typical symptoms of Pneumonia |
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Definition
Fever
Chills
Cough (going to have exudate)
Sputum Production
Tachypnea
Adventitious lung sounds (crackles)
Pleuritic Chest Pain
Fatigue and loss of appetite |
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Term
| Cyclic pain that increases as the inflamed membrane is stretched with inspiration or cough |
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Definition
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Term
| breathing deep and shallow along with apnea |
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Definition
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Term
| Desaturated circulating hemoglobin- develops when 5gm of hemoglobin are desaturated |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| predominant with emphysema |
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Term
| An enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles with destruction of the alveolar walls. |
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Definition
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Term
| Results in prolonged bouts of coughing expectoration of tenacious or purulent mucus and dyspnea |
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Definition
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Term
| Marked by widening of the airspace in the center of a lobule and involves predominately the respiratory bronchioles. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
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Term
| Sudden hoarseness cherry red in coloring |
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Definition
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Term
| How pneumonia gets into lungs |
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Definition
Inhaled droplets from nasopharynx
Inhaled bacteria from GI tract
Aspiration of solid particles |
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Term
| Infectious organism causing Tuberculosis |
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Definition
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Term
| Most prevalent infectious disease killer worldwide |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Surfactant deficiency
Compression
Resorption distal to bronchial obstruction |
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Term
| Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Failure |
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Definition
paO2 less than 50 mmHg
paco2 more than 50 mmHg
Acidosis with PH 7.25 or below |
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Term
| Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) |
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Definition
Dyspnea
Abnormal Lung sounds
Decreased LOC
Restlessness |
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Term
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Definition
Chest x-ray
Arterial Blood Gases (ABG) |
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Term
| A disease characterized by increased responsiveness of the bronchial tree to a variety of stimuli. Typically are marked by wheezing during expiration, cough, and dyspnea |
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Definition
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Term
| Type 1 hypersensitivity typically involved with children and is caused by exogenous allergens often associated with other allergies such as atopic dermatitis or hay fever |
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Definition
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Term
| Caused by a nonspecific hyperactivity typically involved with adults and would not produce symptoms if it were not for hyperreactivity of the bronchial tissues. Persistent inflammation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Productive Couch
Wheezing in lungs dyspnea (smooth muscle increases in size contributing to broncho constriction
Tachypnea
Diaphoresis
Cyanosis |
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Term
| large area of alveoli with broken down walls |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Barrel Chest
Finger Clubbing
Dyspnea with exertion
Pursed lip breathing
Wheezing |
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Term
| multisystemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology |
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Definition
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Term
| Immune disorder caused by repeated inhalation of foreign antigens has acute and chronic condition |
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Definition
| Hypersensitivity pneumonitis |
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Term
| Mediated by by T lymphocytes and is characterized by cell mediated reaction. |
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Definition
| Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis |
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Term
| Lung diseases caused by inhalation of mineral dusts, fumes, and various organic or inorganic particulate matter. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common disease caused form Pneumoconioses |
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Definition
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Term
| A lung disease caused by inhalation of small silica crystal which are inhaled during stone cutting, mining, and sand blasting |
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Definition
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Term
| Four lung lessions that have been linked to asbestos exposure |
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Definition
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Pleural fibrosis and pleural plaque
Lung Cancer
Mesothelioma |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| hormone secreted by the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidney |
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Definition
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