Term
| What is the difference btwn the right and left bronchi and what is the clinical importance of this? |
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Definition
| The right brochus is more vertical which increases the risk for aspiration. |
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Term
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Definition
| respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct and alveolus |
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Term
| Where do you need to listen to hear left upper lobe sounds? |
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Definition
| the front of the chest bc the lower lobe goes almost all the way up on the back side |
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Term
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Definition
| failure of lungs to develop |
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Term
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Definition
| a communication between two hollow organs |
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Term
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Definition
reduced lung weight, volume and acini for weight and gestational age
found in 10% of neonatal autopsies |
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Term
| what causes pulmonary hypoplasia? |
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Definition
space-occupying lesions of the uterus
oligohydramnios
impaired fetal respiratory movements assc with a diaphragmatic hernia, premature prolonged rupture of fetal membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal detachment of primative foregut during embryogenesis |
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Term
| where are foregut cysts normally located? |
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Definition
| in the hilar or mid-mediastinal regions |
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Term
| smooth muscle and connective tissue foregut cysts are filled with ... |
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Definition
| ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium w/ squamous metaplasia in areas of inflammation |
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Term
| How does a foregut cyst present? |
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Definition
| with symptoms of mass effect or secondary infection |
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Term
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Definition
| incomplete expansion of lungs or the collapse of a previously inflated lung |
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Term
| resorption/obstruction atalectasis |
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Definition
complete obstruction results in resorption of oxygen without affecting blood flow
lung volume decreases and trachea deviates towards the affected lung (bc the other lung expands to fill the empty space) |
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Term
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Definition
the pleural cavity becomes filled with a tumor, air or fluid
the trachea deviates away from the affected lung |
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Term
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Definition
fibrotic changes of the lung or pleura prevent full expansion of the lung (contract lung to a smaller volume)
slow process, "extra" space will fill with fluid
no tracheal deviation |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to collection of exudate in the alveolar spaces caused by hemodynamic causes (like heart failure) or direct increase in pulmonary capillary pressure |
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Term
| hemodynamic pulmonary edema |
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Definition
caused by increased hydrostatic pressure -- left heart failure increases pulmonary vein pressure, transferred to pulmonary capillary beds edema is dependent, settles with gravity |
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Term
| pulmonary edema due to injury |
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Definition
| results in leakage of fluids into the alveolar spaces acute respiratory distress syndrome causes it because of microvascular injury |
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Term
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Definition
| high mortality, person is very sick, takes a long time to resolve, fluid accumulation in both lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| accumulation within the tissue of lung not the alveolar spaces |
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Term
| restrictive pulmonary disease is characterized by: |
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Definition
| reduced expansion of lung parenchyma with decreased total lung capacity expiratory flow rate is normal or reduced proportionally to the lung capacity |
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Term
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is also known as... |
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Definition
| Emphysema and Bronchitis primary cause: smoking also pollutants and related exposures |
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Term
| Asthma is also known as... |
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Definition
| reversible airway hyperreactivity |
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Term
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Definition
a cell-mediated inflammatory disease of the airways long-term inflammation causes fibrous tissue, and there is also digestion and remodeling of tissue |
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Term
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Definition
char by abnormal permanent enlargement of the airspaces (bc of destruction of the alveolar walls) distal to the terminal bronchioles (compensatory hyperinflation) destruction of alveolar walls with or without fibrosis air may become trapped reduces SA and thus gas exchage surface |
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Term
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Definition
| large subpleural blebs (like air filled blisters) caused by emphysema, long term and uncontrolled proteases usually form near apex rupture results in pneumothorax |
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Term
| chronic bronchitis defined clinically |
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Definition
| persistent cough with sputum production for at least 3 months in at least 2 consecutive years (w/o other cause) may progess to COPD, lead to cor pulmonale and heart failure may cause atypical metaplasia and dysplasia (precancerous changes) |
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Term
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Definition
hypersecretion of mucus into bronchi and trachea, mucous gland hypertrophy mucous results in airway obstruction with continued stimulus mucous gland hypertrophy with hypersecretion into small airways increases risk for pulmonary infections part of the inflammation process is mucous prodcution |
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Term
| what lung problem presents with hypersecretion of mucous due to an enlarged gland |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
occurs when air enters the pleural cavity from the lung or environment (forceful pneumothorax), being forced into stromal tissue cough with obstruction, trauma air is pushed into other tissue (like muscles) |
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Term
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Definition
char by permanent dilation of bronchi and bronchioles caused by destruction of muscle and elastic tissue (especially near the terminal bronchioles) result from obstruction and repeated infection as opposed to pollutants chronic; rarely fully resolved |
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Term
| bronchiectasis manifestations |
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Definition
cough, fever, expectoration of copious, foul smelling, purulent sputum often infected |
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