Term
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Definition
| Macule, Patch, Papule, Plaque, Nodule, Tumor,Vesicle, Bulla, Pustule, Cyst, Wheal, Telangiectasia |
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Term
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Definition
flat, non-palpable, less than 1 cm
(Measles, freckles, petechiae, scarlet fever) |
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Term
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Definition
flat, non-palpable, greater than 1 cm
(Vitiligo, port wine stain, mongolian spots, cafe-au-lait spot) |
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Term
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Definition
| elevated, firm, rough with flat top, greater than 1 cm (psoriasis, seborrheic and atinic keratosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| deeper, firmer than papule, palpable, 1-2 cm (hypertrophic nodule, lipomas) |
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Term
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Definition
| elevated, solid, deeper in dermis, greater than 2 cm (hemangioma, neoplasms) |
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Term
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Definition
| elevated, palpable, less than 1 cm (wart, verruca, elevated moles, lichen planus) |
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Term
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Definition
| serous fluid-filled elevated less than 1 cm (chicken pox, herpes zoster/shingles) |
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Term
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Definition
| serous fluid-filled elevated, greater than 1 cm (blister) |
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Term
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Definition
| filled w/ pus, elevated (Acne) |
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Term
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Definition
| transitory palpable lesion (insect bites, uticaria, allergic reactions) |
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Term
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Definition
| fine, irregular red lines due to capillary dilation (rosacea) |
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Term
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Definition
| filled with liquid or semi-solid material elevated (sebaceous cyst, cystic acne) |
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Term
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Definition
| result from change in primary lesions |
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Term
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Definition
| (scab, eczema) dried pus, lymph or blood |
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Term
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Definition
| depressed, moist, glistening (chicken pox or small pox after rupture) |
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Term
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Definition
| fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after injury (hypertrophic scar, healed wound or surgical incision) |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive collagen formation during healing; more common in African Americans; will always heal that way can't remove |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of epidermis, depressed (scabies, abrasion or scratch) |
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Term
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Definition
| crack from epidermis to dermis (athletes foot, cracks at the corners of the mouth) |
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Term
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Definition
| flaky skin (seborrheic dermatitis after scarlet fever) |
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Term
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Definition
FSH induces growth of follicles
Follicle secretes estrogen
Estrogen stimulates endometrial growth |
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Term
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Definition
LH induces ovulation
Corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone
Endometrium continues to thicken |
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Term
| Menstruation starts new cycle |
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Definition
| Drop in estrogen and progesterone starts menstrual flow |
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Term
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Definition
| breast cancer gene; Only 5-10% of breast cancers are attributable to inherited genetic mutation |
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Term
| Benign prostatic hyperplasia |
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Definition
Increase in number of prostate gland cells increases size
Causes urinary frequency, diminished force of urine stream, feeling of incomplete emptying, overflow incontinence, post void dribbling, distended bladder, enlarged prostate on rectal exam |
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Term
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Definition
2nd most common malignancy in men in U.S. 3rd most common cause of cancer deaths in men over 55
Unknown cause
Originates in periphery of gland, so well-established before symptoms of urinary difficulties from urethral obstruction occur |
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Term
| benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| Herpes simplex Type 1: HSV-1 |
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Definition
| typically infects the oropharyngeal areal causing facial, oral, and lip lesions, but may cause genital herpes |
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Term
| Herpes simplex Type 2: HSV-2 |
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Definition
| usual cause of genital herpes; spread through direct contact of virus with mucosa or any skin break, nearly 80% of HSV transmission occurs during asymptomatic shedding of virus |
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Term
| Cervical carcinoma risk factors |
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Definition
| Major risk factor: incection with human papilloma virus (HPV), other risk factors: sexual activity at young age, increasing numbers of sexual partners, poor nutrition, smoking |
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Term
| Endometrial cancer risk factors |
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Definition
| unopposed estrogen therapy, obesity, early menarche, nulliparity, late menopause, diabetes, hereditary nonplyposis colorectal cancer, gallbladder disease, personal history of breast or ovarian cancer |
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Term
| Fibrocystic breast disease risk factors |
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Definition
| Excess estrogen and lack of progesterone during luteal phase |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammatory response from infection or trauma in the epididymis (where the sperm travels through and matures); infection spreads from urethritis or prostatitis, indwelling urinary catheter, organisms from pharynx and tuberculosis travel through bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the testis, serious complication of epididymitis, major routhe of infection through the bloodstream, most common cause is mumps virus |
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Term
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Definition
| risk factors: hx of undesended testicle (cryptorchidism), klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY), peak age 15-35 years old |
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Term
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Definition
| direct mucosal-to-mucosal contact is necessary for transmission, not everyone exposed acquires the disease, risk of transmission is greater from male to female than female to male, can spread through bloodstream causing gonococcal bacteremia |
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Term
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Definition
| almost exclusively through sexual transmission, through direct contact between a moist infected lesion and any break in the skin or mucosa; if untreated becomes chronic systemic infection w/ three phases: |
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Term
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Definition
| chancre heals spontaneously in 4-6 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| rash on palms an soles most common |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs years to decades after initial infection, spreads to various organs causing lesions or gummas (small nodular masses of granulation tissue with necrotic centers surrounded by inflammation) |
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Term
| Testicular cancer screening recommendations |
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Definition
| monthly testicular self-examination for all men over 15 years old |
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Term
| Prostate cancer screening recommendations |
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Definition
| Digital rectal exam: annually for all men over 40 (unless found in family members at a younger age); Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) – annually at 40 yrs for African-Americans or family history of prostate cancer, annually for all men over 50 years; diagnosis confirmed by needle biopsy |
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Term
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Definition
| pap smear and pelvic exam annually for all women who are sexually active or age 18 |
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Term
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Definition
| testis twists within scrotal sac and cuts off blood supply (can end up w/ necrotic testicles) can occur after trauma to testes or while asleep due to spasm of cremaster muscle, time is important salvage rate 70% between 6-12 hours, 20% after 12 hours |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal dilation of veins in scrotum, usually no symptoms, may feel heavy or tender, on palpation feels like bag of worms, surgical removal |
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Term
| chronic prostatitis is a major cause of |
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Definition
| Recurrent urinary tract infections in men |
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Term
| Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) treatment |
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Definition
| exercise, diet change, avoid salt, alcohol, caffeine, or oral contraceptive pills |
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Term
| Testicular torsion treatment |
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Definition
| surgical emergency within 6 hours (orchiopexy), ochidectomy(removal of testicle) if necrotic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment |
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Definition
| surgical TURP (trans urethral resection of prostate) or urethral stents |
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Term
| Testicular cancer treatment |
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Definition
| surgical removal of testicle (orchidectomy), radiation, chemotherapy |
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Term
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Definition
| pityriasis rosea: acute self-limited eruption in young adults and adolesents; begins as oval scaly lesion called “Herald patch” within week multiple pale-red oval patches with fine scale around periphery appear on neck, trunk, proximal extremities (exposure to sunlight results in faster disappearance of lesions) |
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Term
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Definition
| nail fungus that cause the nail to become thick or ragged and appear yellow, green brown, or black in color; an infected nail may even separate from the nail bed. Treatments are available but take a long time to work |
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Term
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Definition
| brown papules and nodules (wart like growth) have stick on appearance, (don’t turn malignant, don’t need to be removed unless cosmetically desired or irritating) |
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Term
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Definition
| erythematous, scaly, rough lesion caused by chronic exposure to sunlight (premalignant growth, can develop into squamous cell carcinoma) |
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Term
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Definition
deadliest of skin caner
3% of skin malignancies, but responsible for almost all deaths due to skin cancer
Invade deeper layers of dermis and subcutaneous tissues and metastasize to distant sites
Increased incidence w/ greate sun exposure
Diagnosis is based on change in shape, color, size and configuration of pigmented lesion
Clinical manifestations:
Asymmetry of lesion
Border irregularity
Color variegation
Diameter greater than 6 mm (pencil eraser)
Treatment:
Early detection
Aggressive surgical removal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| vesicles bulliae erythema, weeping, crusting |
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Term
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Definition
| thickened, scaly, pruritic patches and plaques |
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Term
| Eczema/Allergic Contact Dermatitis |
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Definition
| all types of red, blistering, weeping, scaly, thickened, itchy skin lesions |
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Term
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Definition
| not palpable, uniformly brown, small macules, round in shape and smooth regular borders (good, not suspicious) |
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Term
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Definition
| palpable, uniformly pigmented, elevated (not suspicious) |
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Term
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Definition
| irregular borders, blue-black in color, must rule out melanoma; if lesion is present for years, biopsy not necessary, if new must biopsy (color suspicious, irregular shape) |
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Term
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Definition
| nevus may disappear in time leaving only white macular portion (not suspicious) |
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Term
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Definition
| chocolate brown hairless plaque with smudged border in newborn, usually become elevated and hairy with age (can develop malignant melanoma, surgical excision will take multiple surgeries) |
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Term
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Definition
| variegated brown macule w/ slightly rased area at 1000, fuzzy margins, oval shape (precancerous) |
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Term
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Definition
| acute or chonic inflammatory process of sebaceous glands (oil glands); mechanical factors cause rubbing, friction, pressure or stretching of skin rich in oil glands such as football helmets, surgical tape, shirt collars also oil-based cosmetics, medications, dietary changes; acutane used in antibiotic resistant cystic acne |
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Term
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Definition
have increased number of sevacious glands with multiple small telangiectases
Usually in thos 40-60 years old
Pronounced erythema, superficial pustules and papules over cheeks
Avoid excessive amounts of alcohol and spicy foods
Treat with tetracycline |
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Term
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Definition
most common malignant tumor of skin, caused by exposure to sunlight, radiologic therapy, contact with arsenic, rare genetic disorders
Erythematous, smooth pearly nodule, usually elevated may have telangiectatic vessels
Frequently see central ulceration and bleeding |
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Term
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Definition
ulcerated, scaly, thickened nodule that bleeds occasionally, may be surrounded by multiple actinic keratosis
Can be indistinguishable from eczema or psoriasis
Causes: sunlight, ingestion of arsenic, radiologic therapy, burns, scars, genetic susceptibility |
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