1. State the World Health Organization definition of health.

State of complete mental, physical and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.

2. State a definition of pathophysiology.

The sequence of cellular and tissue events that take place from the time of initial contact with an etiologic agent until the ultimate expression of a disease.

Study of the body’s response to dysfunction or disease

Etiology of a disease

cause of a disease

Pathogenesis

mode of action or sequence of the disease. The changes that occur from the initial time the pathogen goes on the host to the time it becomes a disease.

how the disease manifests/evolves; sequence of the disease

Morphologic changes:

The changes that occur at the cellar level.(changes inside the cells) Morphology refers to the structure or form of cells or tissues, so morphologic changes are Concerned with both the gross anatomy and microscopic changes that are characteristics of the disease.

Clinical manifestations:

Signs and symptoms (subjective from patient, but can be objective) Sign =observable manifestation, like elevated temp. or redness or sore throat. Symptom=a subjective complaint, like having pain or dizziness.

Diagnosis:

Label of disease clinical course. The designation as to the nature and cause of a health problem.(needs careful history and physical examination)

Clinical Course:

the evolution of the disease. Course of the disease. Each patient has its own course, we need to know history and whats going on, to prevent more complications. Clinical Course can be ACUTE (sever, but self-limiting), CHRONIC( continuous or episodic, and taking place over a long period of time), SUBACUTE(not as severe as acute and not as prolonged as chronic)

Prognosis:

refers to the PROBABLE outcome and Prospect of recovery from a disease

Define the term epidemiology.

The study of a disease in human populations, looks for patterns like age, race, and dietary habits of people affected with particular disorders to determine what circumstances the disorder will occur.

Scientists study risk factors for mulit-factorial disease, look for patterns of persons affected with a particular disorder, concerned with whether it happened, not how it happened.

incidence

the number of new cases arising in a given population during a specific time

Prevalence:

the number of people in a population who have a particular disease at a given point in time or period

mortality

statistics provide information about the causes of death in a given population. Internationally agreed on, the ICD (International Classification of Diseases) by the WHO are used for coding the cause of death.

Morbidity

describes the effects an illness has on a person's life. It's concerned with the long term effects of the disease.

Characterize the natural history of a disease.

Refers to the progression and projected outcome of a disease without medical intervention. This helps to determine disease outcome, establish priorities for health services, determines the effects of screening and early detection programs on disease outcome, and compare the results of new treatments with the expected outcome without treatment.

Primary Prevention

: preventing risks

i.e.) Immunizations, multi-vitamins, hand washing, sleep, exercise, healthy diet, bone density screening, wearing a seatbelt, or helmet, stop smoking, safe sex. Remove risk factors so disease doesn't occur. Usually happens outside of the health care system, at a community level.

Secondary Prevention:

detecting disease when still asymptomatic and treatable

ie) Ultra sound, mammogram, urine test, Pap smears, annual checkups, blood test, bp screening. Preventive ways so that you can detect disease when it still is asymptomatic and curable with treatment or stop it from progressing. Most secondary prevention is done in clinical settings.

Tertiary Prevention

curing the disease to prevent further deterioration and reduce complications. But more than just medical intervention such as educating how to eat for diabetes.

ie) Prophylaxis for pneumonia, antibiotics (prevents further deterioration) Clinical interventions that prevent further deterioration or reduce complications of a disease once its been diagnosed