fluid found outside the cells

divided into interstitial and intravascular

fluid in th eperitoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities

cerebrospinal fluid

fluid in the joint spaces, lympth system, eyes and GI tract

osmotic pressure of two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrate

used to describe the cell's response to an external solution

• 0.9% saline, LR
• have concentrations of solutes equal to those in the intravascular compartment

• 0.45% saline
• have a lower concentration of solutes than those in the intravascular compartment
• cause fluid to shift from the intravascular out to the intracellular space

• 5% dextrose in 0.9% saline, 3% saline
• have a higher concentration of solutes than those in the intravascular compartment
• cause fluid to shift from the intracellular in to the intravascular space

• regulates volume by controlling water losses in the urine
• released from the pituitary gland in times of decreased fluid volume and icnreaed osmolarity
• promotes reabsorption of water into the blood from renal tubules

• a hormone that is relased to conserve more water when needed by increasing reabsorption of sodium and water in the renal tubules

• hormone that is released when the atria of the myocardium is overstretched, indicating increased fluid volume.
• stimulates renal vasodilation, increasing urinary output
• suppresses aldosterone secretion, further increasing urinary output

• significant fluid increases in the transcellular compartment
• fluid is not easily exhcanged maong hte other extracelllular fluids

• cation
• fxn is to control serum osmolality and water balance
• helps maintain acid-base balace when combine with HCO3
• reulated by the kidneys and aldosterone produced by the adrenal cortex

• increasing membrane potential or excitability
• sodium moves into the cell, and potassium shifts out

• resoring resting potential
• sodium shifts back out of the cell and potassium moves back into the cell