Term
|
Definition
| if the skin is broken; also called compound fracture |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| if the skin is broken; also called open fracture; The term compound is not present in the descriptive term for open fractures in ICD-10-CM. |
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Term
|
Definition
| if the skin is not broken; ALSO THE DEFAULT FRACTURE IN ICD-10 WHEN TYPE IS NOT DOCUMENTED. |
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Term
|
Definition
| when two ends of fractured bone are separated and out of their normal alignment position; ALSO THE DEFAULT FRACTURE CODE IN ICD-10 WHEN TYPE IS NOT DOCUMENTED. |
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Term
| Non-displaced fracture is |
|
Definition
| fractured bone in which the pieces remain in alignment with each other |
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Term
|
Definition
| fractures into two or more fragments/pieces |
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Term
|
Definition
| fractured in two places in same bone |
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|
Term
| Communicating wound between bone and skin is a characteristic of this fracture |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Fracture line at a 45 degree angle to long axis of bone is characteristic of this fracture |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Fracture line perpendicular to long axis of bone is characteristic of this fracture |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Fracture fragments pushed into each other is characteristic of this fracture |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Fracture occurs at any point in the bone is characteristic of this fracture |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A break on one cortex of bone with spongy bone splintering is characteristic of this fracture |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Microfracture is also called |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Open, Oblique, Spiral, Transverse, Impacted, and Pathologic |
|
|
Term
| Common INCOMPLETE Fractures are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Open fracture is caused by |
|
Definition
| moderate to severe energy that exceeds tissue tolerance |
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|
Term
| Oblique fracture is caused by |
|
Definition
| Angulation and compressive energy |
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|
Term
| Spiral fracture is caused by |
|
Definition
| Twisting energy with distal part unable to move |
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|
Term
| Transverse fracture is caused by |
|
Definition
| Energy directly toward the bone |
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|
Term
| Impacted fracture is caused by |
|
Definition
| Compressive energy directly to distal fragment |
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|
Term
| Pathologic fracture is caused by |
|
Definition
| Minor energy to already weakened bone |
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|
Term
| Greenstick fracture is caused by |
|
Definition
| Minor direct or indirect energy in children or elderly |
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|
Term
| Stress fracture is caused when |
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Definition
| Bone is subjected to repeated stress beyond its strength; muscles are stronger than bone. |
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Term
| Sacrum Fractures in ICD-10 are classified as |
|
Definition
| Vertical or Transverse fractures |
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|
Term
| Vertical fractures of the Sacrum are classified in ICD-10 as |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Zone I Vertical Fracture of the Sacrum |
|
Definition
| occur at the wing-like structures of the sacrum (sacral ala) |
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|
Term
| Zone II Vertical fracture of the Sacrum |
|
Definition
| occur directly through the neural foramina |
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|
Term
| Zone III Vertical fracture of the Sacrum |
|
Definition
| occur through the body of the sacrum (vertical fracture into the spinal canal region of the sacrum) |
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|
Term
| Type I Transverse Fracture of the Sacrum |
|
Definition
| a transverse flexion fracture of sacrum without displacement |
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|
Term
| Type 2 Transverse Fracture of the Sacrum |
|
Definition
| transverse flexion fracture of the sacrum with posterior displacement |
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|
Term
| Type 3 Transverse Fracture of the Sacrum |
|
Definition
| transverse extension fracture of sacrum with anterior displacement |
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|
Term
| Type 4 Transverse Fracture of Sacrum |
|
Definition
| transverse segmental comminution of upper sacrum |
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|
Term
| Type 5 Transverse fracture of the Sacrum |
|
Definition
| Not currently defined in ICD-10-CM |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a unique fracture in a child's epiphyseal plate or growth plate; presents in long bones; Classified as Type I - V; ICD-10-CM only classifies I - IV. |
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|
Term
| Pathologic fractures are commonly associated with |
|
Definition
| metastases from cancer, osteoporosis, infections and metabolic bone disorders |
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|
Term
| Stress fractures are most often seen in |
|
Definition
| athletes, joggers and dancers |
|
|
Term
| Stress fractures are relieved by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathological fractures are classifed in ICD-10-CM under |
|
Definition
| neoplastic disease, osteoporosis and other specified diseases; the site of the fracture and disease would both be coded. |
|
|
Term
| To code fractures in ICD-10, the first level of differentiation for code assignment will be |
|
Definition
| pathological or traumatic |
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|
Term
| Type I Salter-Harris Fracture is |
|
Definition
| a break through bone at growth plate, separating bone end from bone shaft and completely disrupting growth plate |
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|
Term
| Type II Salter-Harris Fracture is |
|
Definition
| a break through part of bone at growth plate and crack through bone shaft as well; this involves the metaphysis, but spares the epiphysis. |
|
|
Term
| Type III Salter-Harris fracture |
|
Definition
| These fractures cross through a portion of the growth plate and break off a piece of the bone end. Involves the epiphysis, but spares the metaphysis. |
|
|
Term
| Type IV Salter-Harris Fracture |
|
Definition
| These fractures break through the bone shaft, the growth plate, and the end of the bone. Involves the growth plate, metaphysis and epiphysis. |
|
|
Term
| Type V Salter-Harris fracture |
|
Definition
| These fractures occur due to a crushing injury to the growth plate from a compression force. They are rare fractures. TYPE V IS NOT IN ICD-10-CM |
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|
Term
|
Definition
horizontal maxillary fracture, separating the teeth from the upper face.
fracture line passes through the alveolar ridge, lateral nose and inferior wall of maxillary sinus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pyramidal fracture, with the teeth at the pyramid base, and nasofrontal suture at its apex
fracture arch passes through posterior alveolar ridge, lateral walls of maxillary sinuses, inferior orbital rim and nasal bones. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
craniofacial disjunction
fracture line passes through nasofrontal suture, maxillo-frontal suture, orbital wall and zygomatic arch. |
|
|
Term
| LeFort fractures occur in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Burst Fractures of the vertebra is |
|
Definition
| an injury to the spine in which the vertebral body is severely compressed. if the vertebral body is crushed in all directions it is called a burst fracture. The term burst implies that the margins of the vertebral body spread out in all directions. They typically occur from severe trauma, such as a motor vehicle accident or a fall from a height. With a great deal of force vertically onto the spine, a vertebra may be crushed. |
|
|
Term
| ICD-10 Classifies Open Fractures of the forearm, femur and lower leg with a 7th character extension to identify soft tissue damage. This classification is know as |
|
Definition
| Gustillo Open Fracture Classification |
|
|
Term
| Type I Gustilo Open Fracture is a |
|
Definition
Wound less than 1 cm with minimal soft tissue injury; Wound bed is clean
Fracture is usually a simple transverse, short oblique fracture, with minimal comminution |
|
|
Term
| Type II Gustilo Open Fracture is |
|
Definition
Wound is greater than 1 cm with moderate soft tissue injury
Fracture is usually a simple transverse, short oblique fracture, with minimal comminution |
|
|
Term
| Type III Gustilo Open Fracture |
|
Definition
Fractures that involve extensive damage to the soft tissues, including muscle, skin and neurovascular structures
Often accompanied by a high-velocity injury or a severe crushing component |
|
|
Term
| Type IIIA Gustilo Open Fracture is |
|
Definition
| Adequate soft tissue coverage despite soft tissue laceration or flaps or high energy trauma irrespective of the size of the wound; Includes segmental or severely conminuted fractures |
|
|
Term
| Type IIIB Gustilo Open Fracture |
|
Definition
Extensive soft tissue lost with periosteal stripping and bony exposure
Usually associated with massive contamination |
|
|
Term
| Type IIIC Gustilo Open Fracture |
|
Definition
| Fracture in which there is a major arterial injury requiring repair for limb salvage |
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|
Term
| Dislocation and subluxation are musculoskeletal injuries due to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the bones in the joint become misaligned or displaced; the ligaments are always damaged as a result; often accompanied by a fracture |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a partial dislocation; often accompanied by a fracture |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bones where they meet at the joint |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a tear in a tendon; occurs in hands, feet,knee,upper arm,thigh,ankle and heel; remember sTrain/Tear/Tendon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tears in ligaments; common in wrist ankle elbow and knee joints |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| comlete separation of a tendon or ligament from its attachment; result of abnormal stress, commonly seen in young athletes |
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|
Term
| In ICD-10-CM Sprains and Strains are found under |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In ICD-10-CM Avulsions are not coded separately, but are coded as |
|
Definition
Ligaments - see Sprain, by site
Tendon - see Injury, muscle by site |
|
|
Term
| Bursitis and Tendinitis are |
|
Definition
| painful inflammation of tendons or bursae sometime caused by trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "tennis elbow" - inflammation of a tendon where it attaches to a bone commonly at the humerus, ulna, radius, knee; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs primarily in the middle years and is caused by repeated trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| as the result of sudden, forced motions causing muscle to become stretched beyond its normal capacity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thought to be caused by scar tissue calcification and subsequent ossification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decreased levels estrogen/testosterone decreased physical activity lessening muscle stress on bone, inadequate Vit C/D,Mg,Ca; corticosteroid & drug use |
|
|
Term
| Osteoporosis manifestations are |
|
Definition
| pain, bone deformity, fracture, increased radiolucency |
|
|
Term
| Osteoporosis characteristics are |
|
Definition
| reduced bone mass/density, imbalance in bone resorption/formation |
|
|
Term
| Osteoporosis treatment is |
|
Definition
| weight bearing exercise, dietary supplements, intranasal calcitonin and selective estrogen receptor modulators, testosterone |
|
|
Term
| Osteomalacia is found in adults, Rickets is found in children and both are caused by |
|
Definition
| Deficiency of Vit D which lowers absorption of calcium from intestines |
|
|
Term
| Osteomalacia and Rickets are characterized by |
|
Definition
| inadequate and delayed mineralization, osteoid tissue is not mineralized |
|
|
Term
| Osteomalacia and Rickets manifestations are |
|
Definition
| pain, bone fractures, vertebral collapse, radiolucent bands perpendicular to bone surface, pseudofractures |
|
|
Term
| Osteomalacia and Rickets treatments are |
|
Definition
| Serum calcium and phosphorus adjustments, Vit D supplements |
|
|
Term
| Paget diease is caused by |
|
Definition
| to date, there are no known causes. |
|
|
Term
| Paget disease is characterized by |
|
Definition
| excessive resorption of spongy bone followed by accelerated formation of softened bone |
|
|
Term
| Paget disease manifestations are |
|
Definition
| thickening of bones, radiographic findings of irregular bone trabeculae with thickened and disorganized patterns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is infrequently required - bisphosphonates and calcitonin surgery if neurological complcations are found |
|
|
Term
| Osteomyelitis is caused by |
|
Definition
| staphylococcal infection, contaminated open wound or hematogenous bone infection |
|
|
Term
| Osteomyelitis is characterized by |
|
Definition
| acute inflammation of marrow and cortex and necrosis |
|
|
Term
| Osteomyelitis manifestations are |
|
Definition
| acute and chronic inflammation, fever, pain, lymphadenopathy, necrotic bone by radiographic imaging; occurring most frequently between ages 3 - 12 in boys |
|
|
Term
| Osteomyelitis treatment includes |
|
Definition
| antibiotics, debridement, surgical removal of exudate, hyperbaric O2 therapy |
|
|
Term
| Osteosarcoma are primary cancers which account for 38% of bone tumors diagnosed; are diagnosed in this group of patients |
|
Definition
| adolescents and young adults |
|
|
Term
| Chondrosarcoma are a group of tumors diverse features/behavior patterns, from slow-growing non-metastasizing lesions to highly aggressive metastasizing sarcomas; approximately 25% of all primary osseous neoplasms and are diagnosed in this group of patients |
|
Definition
| middle-aged and older adults |
|
|
Term
| Chondrosarcoma is a large, ill defined malignant tumor that |
|
Definition
| infiltrates trabeculae in spongy bones; typically develop in the pelvis, legs or shoulders |
|
|
Term
| Fibrosarcoma is a malignant collagenic tumor diagnosed in this group of patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fibrosarcoma is a solitary tumor that develops in |
|
Definition
| the metaphyseal region of the femur or tibia |
|
|
Term
| Giant cell tumors originate from myelogenic tissue and are diagnosed in this group of patients |
|
Definition
| persons between 20 and 40 years of age |
|
|
Term
| Giant cell tumors are diagnosed more frequently in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cortical/medullary bone lysis and infiltrate bone marrow |
|
|
Term
| Ankylosing spondylitis is |
|
Definition
| a chronic inflammatory joint disease |
|
|
Term
| Ankylosing spondylitis is characterized by |
|
Definition
| stiffening and fusion (ankylosis) of the spine and sacroiliac joints |
|
|
Term
| Ankylosing spondylitis begins with inflammation of fibrocartilage of joints, particullarly in the vertebrae and is in this category of disease |
|
Definition
| systemic immune inflammatory disease |
|
|
Term
| Gout is a metabolic disorder that |
|
Definition
| disrupts the body's control of uric acid production or excretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crystallization occurs in synovial fluid and painful inflammation of joint develops |
|
|
Term
| Osteoarthritis is characterized by |
|
Definition
| non-inflammatory, loss of articular cartilage in synovial joints, bone sclerosis and bone spurs |
|
|
Term
| Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by |
|
Definition
| Inflammatory, damage or destruction of synovial membrane, extends to articular cartilage joint capsule and surround ligament/tendons and pannus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| over 40 and increases with age, occurs equally in male and females |
|
|
Term
| Rheumatoid arthritis onset is |
|
Definition
| in middle age and is more prevalent in females |
|
|
Term
| Two types of Osteoarthritis are caused by |
|
Definition
Primary OA is autosomal recessive formerly called Idiopathic
Secondary OA is due to risk factors such as joint stress, congenital abnormalities joint instability from trauma |
|
|
Term
| Rheumatoid Arthritis is caused by |
|
Definition
| autoimmune systemic disease; genetics; environmental micorbes, estrogen, released TNF-a and IL-1 |
|
|
Term
| Osteoarthritis affects these joints |
|
Definition
| the peripheral/ central and weight bearing joints |
|
|
Term
| Rheumatoid arthritis affects these joints |
|
Definition
| phalangeal, wrists and knee |
|
|
Term
| Osteoarthritis manifestations are |
|
Definition
| pain, stiffness, enlargement, tenderness limited motion, muscle wasting, dislocation and deformity of the joints |
|
|
Term
| Rheumotoid Arthritis manfestations are |
|
Definition
| The same as OA with systemic involvement, subq nodules, deviation of joints, rheumatoid factor and circulating immune complexes |
|
|
Term
| Joint fluid in Osteoarthritis contains |
|
Definition
| proteoglycans/fragments, normal mucin and few cells |
|
|
Term
| Joint fluid in Rheumatoid Arthritis contains |
|
Definition
| inflammatory exudate and poor mucin |
|
|
Term
| Firbomyalgia most common precipitating factors include |
|
Definition
| viral illnesses, physical or emotional traumas |
|
|
Term
| Fibromyalgia is a chronic musculoskeletal syndrome characterized by |
|
Definition
| increased sensitivity to touch, absence of systemic or localized inflammation and fatigue and sleep disturbances |
|
|
Term
| Equinovarus or clubfoot is |
|
Definition
| an abducted forefoot / adducted/inverted hindfoot; the entire foot points downward |
|
|
Term
| Positional equinovarus or clubfoot is treated with |
|
Definition
| serial casts resulting in rapid correction |
|
|
Term
| Idiopathic congenital equinovarus or clubfoot is treated with |
|
Definition
| attempted serial casts and surgery for resistant deformities |
|
|
Term
| Teratologic equinovarus or clubfoot is treated with |
|
Definition
| almost always corrected with surgery |
|
|
Term
| Osteogenesis imperfecta is usually inherited by the autosomal dominant route and is a defect in |
|
Definition
| collegen production resulting in easily fractured "brittle bones"; occuring in 1 of 30,000 live births |
|
|
Term
| LCP - Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is a result of |
|
Definition
| interrupted blood supply to the femoral head (hip); occurring between 3-10 yrs of age with peak at 6 yrs; most frequently in boys running its ocurse in 2-5 years. |
|
|
Term
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy (MD) is an X-linked inherited disorder caused by |
|
Definition
| a deletion of a segment of DNA |
|
|
Term
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy is diagnosed at 3 yrs of age with manifestations of |
|
Definition
| slow motor development, problems with coordination and walking and generalized weakness |
|
|
Term
| Malignant osteosarcoma accounts for 60% of bone tumors in children and originates in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three fourths of Malignant osteosarcoma occur between the ages of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ewing Sarcoma is 2nd most common but lethal malignant tumor of childhood originating from |
|
Definition
| cells within the bone marrow space and does not involve bone forming cells |
|
|
Term
| Ewing sarcomas are diagnosed between the ages of |
|
Definition
| 5 and 15 years of age and it is rate after the age of 30 |
|
|
Term
| Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common sarcoma of childhood affecting males more than femailes; and are diagnosed by the age of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) develop or are frequently located in these sites |
|
Definition
| head/neck; trunk; extremities and genitourinary |
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|
