Term
| Ms.sk. or orhtopedic problems in down syndrome |
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Definition
secondary to tissue laxity and ms hypotonia
- recurrent patella & hip dislocation
- excessive foot pronation
- slipped capital femoral epiphysis
- AAI of C-spine (lax transver ligament of atlas & odontoid maldevelopment)
- scoliosis
mild to mod hypotonia
pelvic dysplasia
jt hyperextensibilty- jt laxity |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal lat. curvature of spine |
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Term
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Definition
| ant concave curvature of v. column (normal- thoracic & sacral regions) |
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Term
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Definition
| ant convex curvature of v. column (normal- lumbar regions) |
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Term
| Classifications of scoliosis |
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Definition
| functional & structural scoliosis |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by factors other than vertebral involvement (pain, poor posture, uneven leg length, ms spasm due to herniated disk, spondylolithesis) |
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Term
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Definition
| fixed curvature assoc w/ vertebral rotation & asymmetry of ligamentous support structure (idopathic, congenital, ms.sk., neuroms, trauma) |
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Term
| scoliosis clinical manifestations |
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Definition
uneven shulders
1 shoulder blade appearing more prominent than the other
uneven waist
1 hip higher than the other
leaning to one side |
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Term
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Definition
| physical exam, scoliometer, x-ray of spine (diagnosis, curve angle, monitor Tx decisions) |
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Term
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Definition
prevention of post/idiopathc structural scoliosis
screen for early detection & intervention
PT and exercise
spinal bracing
surgery |
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Term
| Kyphoscoliosis (scheurmann Dz, juvenile kyphosis, vertebral epiphysis) |
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Definition
| increased kyphosis in thoracic or thoracolumbar spine or assoc backache & localized changes in v. bodies. |
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Term
| clinical manifestations of kyphoscoliosis |
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Definition
| deformity seen best in flex, decreased spine flexibility, tendernes w/ palpation above & below apex of kyphosis, hyperlordosis of Lspine, thoracolumbar kyphosis, HS tightness, rare neurologic deficits |
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Term
| diagnosis of kyphoscoliosis |
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Definition
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Term
| treatment of kyphoscoliosis |
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Definition
based on age, severity, progression of curve & symptoms
meds (NSAIDS for pain), temporary activity restriction when pain aggravated, bracing, surgical |
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Term
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Definition
| spina bifida occulta, spina bifida mengiocele, spina bifida myelomengocele |
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Term
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Definition
| imcomplete fusion of post. vert. arch, no extrusion of meninges, dimple or tuff of hair at site, no neurologic dysfx. |
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Term
| spina bifida myelo meningocele |
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Definition
| protrusion of both meninges & S.C., permanent neurologic impairment, high risk for infection, accompanied by hydrocephalus, flaccid/spastic paralysis, bowel/bladder incont, ms.sk. deformities, mental retardation, scoliosis, hip dypslasia/dislocation, club foot, hip & knee ctxs. |
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Term
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Definition
| sac-like meningeal cyst protruding outside spine thru spine cleft, rarely causes neurologic dysfx. |
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Term
| Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) |
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Definition
| an abnormal formation of hip jt in which femoral head isnt properly positioned or stable in the jt socket (acetabulum) |
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Term
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Definition
common in infants and children
8.6-11.5/1000 births
85% females
25% bilat
75% single hip (75% L hip) |
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Term
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Definition
| obstetric conditions (breech delivery), family Hx, female, scoliosis, spina bifida, torticollis, 1st pregnancies, mutiple fetuses, oligohydraminos, ethnic groups (Native Americans, Laplanders) |
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Term
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Definition
1. unstable- nl position but dislocated w/ manipulation
2. sublaxation/imcomplete- partially displaced
3. Complete- totally outside acetabulum |
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Term
| DDH clinical manifestations |
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Definition
| asym in ROM in hip (abd), asym in buttock fold/gluteal fold, extra thigh skin folds, leg length discrepancy, tredlenburg or waddle gait |
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Term
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Definition
ensure stability of fem head in socket
encourage development of normally shaped socket & femoral head |
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Term
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Definition
| N.ms. dz of progressive weakness and wasting of sk. ms. resulting from spinal ant horn cell degeneratiion, autosomal recessive disorder (progressive infantile SMA & floppy infant syndrome) |
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Term
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Definition
| congenital ms torticollis (CMT), wry neck -- unilat spasmodic ctx of SCM of neck that results in head tilting to affected side & rotated so that chin points to op side |
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Term
| clinical manifestations of torticollis |
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Definition
| firm, nontender palpable enlargement of SCM or shortened/fibrotic SCM, severe/ untreated = cranial asym. "oblique head" |
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Term
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Definition
| - PT to correct positional effect, cervical collar, special designed helmet for craniofacial asym. correction, surgery (signif motion restriction >30 degrees after 6 mo or deformity persists pasty 12 mo) |
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Term
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Definition
| largest and most common group of inherited progressive n.ms. disorders of childhood, genetic anomaly (mutation of dystrophin gene) |
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Term
| clinical manifestations of MD |
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Definition
| ms weakness, wasting, hypotonia |
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Term
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Definition
| duchenne, beckers, facioscapulohumeral, limb girdle, myotonic |
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Term
| duchenne's (pseudo hypertrophic) |
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Definition
| most common, x-linked recessive, onset (~2-4y/o): gomer's sign, fall frequently, waddling gait, pseudohypertrophy of calves, Prognosis: rapidly progrssive (loss of walking by 9-10 y/o, death in 20s) |
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Term
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Definition
| x-linked recessive, onset: 5-10 y/o, Prognosis: slowly progressive, walk maintained past early teens, lifespan until adulthood |
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Term
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Definition
| autosominal dominant/ recessive, onset: adloscent, Prognosis: slowly progressive; varies mild impaiment to loss of walking in later life |
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Term
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Definition
| autosominal recessive/dominant, onset: late adolescence, prognosis: slowly progressive, mild impairment |
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Term
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Definition
| autosominal dominant, onset: variable, prognosis: rate of progression dep on age of onset |
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Term
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Definition
| clinical presentation, family Hx, EMG, ms biopsy, serum enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| PT, surgery, a.d. to prolong fx |
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Term
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Definition
| paralysis of upper limb resulting from nerve injury of brachial plexus at birth due to forced stretch |
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Term
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Definition
Erb Duchennes (C5-6)
Whole arm (C5-T1)
Klumpke's (C8-T) |
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Term
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Definition
| clinical manifestation, MRI to detect lesion, EMG |
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Term
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Definition
| early PT, neonatal/ped. neurosurgery for avulsion repair, post surgery PT |
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Term
| Osteogenic imperfecta (brittle bones) |
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Definition
| rare congenital disorder of collagen synthesis (mutation of gene coded for type 1 collagen) |
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Term
| clinical manifestation of osteogenesis imperfecta |
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Definition
| abnormal fragility & plasticity of bone w/ recurring fx's from trauma, long bone deformity, blueness of sclera, laxity of ligaments |
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Term
| treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta |
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Definition
| orthopedic management, Fx prevention, Fx care, PT (prevent bone lose, build bone density, strengthen ms) |
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