Mouth esophagus stomach

acts as an intake source and receptable thru which food passes and in which initial digestive processes take place

cecum colon and rectum

serves as a storage channel for the efficient elimation of waste

small intestine( duodenum, jejum, ilieum)

most digestive and absorptive processes occur in the small intestine

accessory organ- liver pancreas, salivary glands

produce digestive secretions that help dismantle foods and regulate the use and storage of nutrients

external

- secretion of gastric aid and pepsinogen

- increases gastric blood flow

- gastric smooth muscle contraction

- growth  of gastric, small intestine and colon mucosa

what enyzmes are used in digestion of carbs?

sucrase

lactase

amylase

maltase

a dextrimase

trypsin

chymotrypsin

carboxypeptidase

elastase

dont proper nutrients

decreases : churning, acid secretion, enzyme secretion , surface area transport

lymphatic obstruction

anorexia

nausea

vomiting

GI Bleeding

1. increase sercretion

2. increase lumen osmolarity

3. decrease absorption

blood in the vomitus

blood in stool

may be hidden

autoimmune Dz

chronic inflammatory  rxn

salivary and lacrimal glands

atrophy and loss of fx of these glands

xerostomia- dry mouth

xerophthalmia- dry eyes

GERD?

occur

results of gastric contents into the esophagus

abnormal fxn. of the lower esophageal sphincter or in association with a hiatal hernia when a portion of the stomach is herniated thru the diaphragm

acute inflammatrory rxn in the gastric mucosa that is often  transient and self limited

caused by NSAIDS or lots of alcohol

result in excessive acid secretion

consists of deep ulcers of the stomach or the first portion of the duodenum that are caused by the action of gastric acid and proteolytic enzymes.

increases in gastrin

increases in acid

H. plyori

NSAIDs

stress

decreases mucosal protection

pt. with intractable peptic ulcers

results from the abnormal secretion of the hormone gastrin from

     1. neuroendorcrine tumor of the pancreas

      2. hyperplastic gastrin - producing cells

sprue and protein losing enteropathy

is an inflammatory process that results in atrophy of small intestinal villi to cause malabsorption.

have abnormal immunorxn to components to gluten found in wheat

is strongly associated with specific HLA class II alleles

a chronic inflammatory condition that primarily affects the large or small intestine

crohn's or UC

invoves the large intestine

may terminate at any pt. in the large intestine

not associated with skip area

involve the mucosa predominatly

extensive cryptitis

forms crypt abscesses

organs -- skin and liver

- involve both the large and small intestine

- skip areas ( segments of normal mucosa bw DZ areas

-the mucosa and also deeper layers of the intestinal  wall --> transmural inflammation

- patchy and irregular

- produces linear longitudinal ulcers

an impermeable epithelial cell surface covering

mechanism for the selective transport of H and bicarbonate ions

forma a thin stable gel that adheres to the gastric mucosal surface

provides protection  form the proteolytic actions of pepsin

forms an unstirred layer that traps bicarbonate forming an alkaline interface bw. the luminal contents of the stomach and its mucosal surface

thrive in acid environment

disrupts the mucosal barrier that protects the stomach from harmful effects of its digestive enzymes

- needs tiny amt of Oxygen

- sprial shape

- seven whiplike proteins

- special receptors that permit it to latch onto stomach cells once it makes its way thru the mucus