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Pathology
Chapter 1
50
Pathology
Undergraduate 1
05/11/2018

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

atrophy

Definition

reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ or tissue, with a corresponding decrease in function

Term

hypertrophy

Definition

increase in the size of the cells of a tissue or organ in response to a demand for increased function

Term

hyperplasia

Definition

increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ

Term

dysplasia

Definition

loss of uniformity of individual cells and their architectural orientation

Term

neoplasia

Definition

ungoverned abnormal proliferation of cells

Term

oncology

Definition

study of neoplasms (tumors)

Term

benign

Definition

growth that closely resembles the cells of origin on structure and function

Term

malignant

Definition

neoplastic growth that invades and destroys adjacent structures

Term

metastasize

Definition

malignant neoplasms that travel to distant sites

Term

carcinoma

Definition

malignant neoplasm of epithelial cell origin

Term

anaplastic

Definition

undifferentiated cell growth, without form (bizarre)

Term

sarcoma

Definition

highly malignant tumor originating from connective tissue

Term

lymphatic spread

Definition

major route by which carcinoma metastasizes

Term

hematogenous spread

Definition

malignant tumors that have invaded the circulatory system and travel as neoplastic emboli

Term

grading

Definition

assessment of aggressiveness or degree of malignancy

Term

staging

Definition

1) extensiveness of tumor at the primary site
2) presence or absence of metastases to lymph nodes and distant organs

Term

epidemiology

Definition

study of determinants of disease events in given populations

Term

morbidity

Definition

rate that an illness or abnormality occurs

Term

mortality

Definition

reflects the number of deaths by disease per population

Term

hereditary diseases and process

Definition

genetic information contained in the nucleus of each cell passed to the Next Generation

Term

mutations

Definition

alteration in the DNA structures that may become permanent hereditary change

Term

antigens

Definition

foreign substances that evoke an immune response

Term

antibodies

Definition

immunoglobulins responding to the antigens to make them harmless

Term

immune

Definition

protected against antigens, antibodies binding with antigens to make them harmless

Term

active immunity

Definition

forming antibodies to counteract an antigen by way of vaccine or toxoid

Term

toxoid

Definition

treated toxin with antigenic power to produce immunity by creating antibodies

Term

anaphylactic reaction

Definition

hypersensitive reaction resulting in a histamine release

Term

standard precautions

Definition

protection used when delivering Healthcare Services to any person

Term

PPE  or personal protective equipment

Definition

Gowns, gloves, masks, shoe covers and eye protection used to prevent transmission of potentially infectious agents

Term

transmission based precautions

Definition

additional protective equipment to prevent the spread of Highly infectious pathogens through contact, droplet, or Airborne transmission

Term

pathology

Definition

study of diseases that can cause abnormalities in the structure or function

Term

disease

Definition

pattern of the body's response to some form of injury that causes deviation from or variation of normal conditions

Term

signs

Definition

measurable or objective manifestations

Term

symptoms

Definition

feelings that the patient describes, subjective manifestations

Term

iatrogenic

Definition

disease caused by physician or treatment

Term

nosocomial infections

Definition

infections contracted in the acute care facilities also known as hospital-acquired infections

Term

community-acquired infections

Definition

infections contracted in a public setting outside the Acute Care Facility

Term

idiopathic

Definition

underlying cause is unknown

Term

inflammation

Definition

initial response of the tissue to local injury

Term

granulation tissue

Definition

fibrous scar replaces destroyed tissue

Term

pyogenic bacteria

Definition

thick, yellow fluid called pus (dead white cells)

Term

abscess

Definition

localized, usually encapsulated, collection of fluid

Term

bacteremia

Definition

potential involvement of other organs and tissues in the body by organisms invading the blood vessels

Term

edema

Definition

accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces or body cavities

Term

anasarca

Definition

generalized edema that occurs with pronounce swelling of subcutaneous tissues throughout the body

Term

elephantiasis

Definition

localized lymphatic obstruction resulting in localized edema

Term

ischemia

Definition

interference of blood supply to an organ, deprive cells and tissues of oxygen and nutrients

Term

infarction

Definition

localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by occlusion of either its arterial supply or venous drainage

Term

hemorrhage

Definition

implies rupture of a blood-vessel

Term

hematoma

Definition

accumulation of blood trapped within body tissue

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