Term
| Pathogenesis of nonspecific inflammation |
|
Definition
| infections in urinary tract, C. trachomatis, N. gonorhoeae, E. coli and psedumonas |
|
|
Term
| Clinical significance of nonspecific inflammation |
|
Definition
| can become chronic if not treated |
|
|
Term
| nonspecific inflammation in men < 35 |
|
Definition
| Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
|
|
Term
| nonspecific inflammation in men > 35 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathogenesis of gonorrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical significance of gonorrhea |
|
Definition
| can spread from urethra to prostate, seminal vesicles, epididymis and testis, can lead to sterility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| viral disease of salivary glands |
|
|
Term
| Pathogenesis of mumps Orchitis |
|
Definition
| complication or viral disease of salivary glands |
|
|
Term
| Clinical significance of mumps Orchitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathogenesis of tuberculosis |
|
Definition
| M. tuberculosis infection dissemination |
|
|
Term
| Clinical significance of tuberculosis |
|
Definition
| begins in epididymis and spreads to testis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical significance of syphilis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| twisting of spermatic cord |
|
|
Term
| Clinical significance of torsion |
|
Definition
| can block blood supply to testis |
|
|
Term
| Definition of crypotorchidism |
|
Definition
| failure of testis to descend completely into normal position on scrotum |
|
|
Term
| Incidence of crypotochidism |
|
Definition
| 0.7% of male population, after year 1 |
|
|
Term
| Relationship of crypotochidism to sterility and testicular cancer |
|
Definition
| associated with germ cell neoplasms and infertility, abnormal growth of cells in cryptorchid testes because higher temperature than scrotom |
|
|
Term
| Definition of Klinefelter Syndrome |
|
Definition
| genetic disease involving sex chromosome in which the person has two chromosomes |
|
|
Term
| General incidence of Klinefelter syndrome |
|
Definition
| most frequent forms of genetic disease |
|
|
Term
| Significance of Klinefelter syndrome |
|
Definition
| sterility bc No spermatogenesis due to fibrotic tubules |
|
|
Term
| Klinefelter Classic karyotype |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| General types of testicular tumors |
|
Definition
| germ cell tumor, sex cord tumor |
|
|
Term
| Relative incidence of testicular tumors |
|
Definition
| 95% are germ cell tumors, 2% are sex-cord tumors |
|
|
Term
| Distinguishing features of testicular tumors |
|
Definition
| germ cell tumors produce hormones, sex-cord tumors produce sex hormones |
|
|
Term
| Are there tumors of the testis comparable to surface epithelial tumors of the ovaries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have better prognosis than those mixed with embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, or teratoma |
|
|
Term
| In the male, all teratomas |
|
Definition
| are considered potentially malignant |
|
|
Term
| Tumor markers include for Germ Cell tumors |
|
Definition
| Alpha-FP, Beta-HCG, CEA, placental alk epsilon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2% are sertoli cell tumors, 3% are leydig tumors |
|
|
Term
| Definition of hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical significance of tunica vaginalis |
|
Definition
| most common cause of swelling |
|
|
Term
| Association of asbestos exposure to mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testes |
|
Definition
| malignancy of the epithelial lining of the tunica vaginalis |
|
|
Term
| Definition of hyrospadias |
|
Definition
| abnormal opening on the ventral surface of the penis |
|
|
Term
| Clinical significance of hydrospadias |
|
Definition
| greater risk for urinary tract infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal opening on the dorsal surface of the penis |
|
|
Term
| Clinical significance of epispadias |
|
Definition
| greater risk for urinary tract infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inability to retract prepuce because of abnormal small preputial orifice |
|
|
Term
| Clinical significance of phimosis |
|
Definition
| can result in anomalous development, inflammatory scarring or the prepuce |
|
|
Term
| Common infections of the penis |
|
Definition
| syphilis, gonorrhea, chancroid, granuloma inguinale, lymphopathia verereum or herpes |
|
|
Term
| STIs/Inflammation usually involves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of condyloma acuminatum |
|
Definition
| veneral warts from HPV infection |
|
|
Term
| Clinical significance of condolyoma acuminatum |
|
Definition
| less common than HPV of female genital tract |
|
|
Term
| Carcinoma in situ 3 types |
|
Definition
| (1) Bowmen disease (2) Erythroplasia of Queyrat and (3) Bowenoid papulosis |
|
|
Term
| Definition of Bowmen disease |
|
Definition
| CIS that involves shaft of penis |
|
|
Term
| Significance of Bowen disease |
|
Definition
| 10% transform into invasive carcinoma of the penis |
|
|
Term
| Definition of Erythroplasia of Queyrat |
|
Definition
| CIS that involves the glans penis |
|
|
Term
| Significance of Erythroplasia of Queyrat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of Bowenoid papulosis |
|
Definition
| Pre-malignany transmitted viral lesion of the penile shaft |
|
|
Term
| Significance of Bowenois papulosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Incidence of squamous cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
| relatively uncommon, less common than cervical carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
| due to rich vasculature beneth epithelium tumor can metastasize to inguinal lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| Gross features of squamous cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
| scaling lesion on penile shaft |
|
|
Term
| Clinical course of squamous cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
| metastize to inguinal lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| SCC associated with HPV types |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surrounds the neck of the urinary bladder and urethra. |
|
|
Term
| Common causes of inflammation of the prostate |
|
Definition
| E.coli, C. trachomatis, U. urealyticum |
|
|
Term
| Clinical symptoms of inflammation of the prostate |
|
Definition
| fever, chills, dysuria, and tender prostate, low back pain, perineal and subrapubic discomfort |
|
|
Term
| Significance of inflammation of the prostate |
|
Definition
| can block urinary outflow |
|
|
Term
| Acute bacterial protatitis |
|
Definition
E. coli common - extension of urinary tract infection. Easy to diagnose - is associated with
fever, chills, dysuria, prostate is tender. |
|
|
Term
| Chronic bacterial protatitis |
|
Definition
may present with low back pain, dysuria, perineal and suprapubic discomfort, or may be
asymptomatic. Related to repeated urinary tract infections. |
|
|
Term
| Chronic abacterial prostatitis |
|
Definition
same clinical presentation as chronic bacterial, but there is no history of urinary
tract infection and bacterial cultures are negative. May be related to Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urelyticum. |
|
|
Term
| Incidence of nodular hyperplasia of prostate |
|
Definition
| extremely common, 50’s (20% at 40 to 90% at 70) |
|
|
Term
| Etiology of nodular hyperplasia of prostate |
|
Definition
| imbalance between male and female sex hormones |
|
|
Term
| Morphology of nodular hyperplasia of prostate |
|
Definition
| large, decrete nodules in periurethral region of prostate |
|
|
Term
| Clinical course of nodular hyperplasia of prostate |
|
Definition
| nodules compress urethra and cause partial or complete obstruction |
|
|
Term
| Nodule composition in nodular hyperplasia of the prostate |
|
Definition
| composed of glandular tissue and stroma |
|
|
Term
| Incidence of carcinoma of the prostate |
|
Definition
| high with increasing age, 1/3-1/4 of men over 80 |
|
|
Term
| Etiology of carcinoma of the prostate |
|
Definition
| androgens, hereditary, environmeny, and somatic mutations |
|
|
Term
| Clinical course of carcinoma of the prostate |
|
Definition
| perineural invasion is common, osteoblastic metastases in bone, PSA and PSAP markers |
|
|
Term
| Which condition is commonly present in elderly men? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A 65-year-old man complained of lower thigh pain. On evaluation, a lesion was found in his distal femur. The lesion was surgically resected and had a gross appearance as shown in the picture. Microscopically, the lesion showed tumor cells associated with markedly increased bone formation. This type of bone lesion is most frequently caused by metastasis from which of the following tumors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis is |
|
Definition
| associated with HPV types 16 and 18. |
|
|
Term
| A clinical study was performed to determine the optimal method for diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The clinical and laboratory findings in subjects diagnosed with STIs were reviewed. A group of subjects was found to have Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Which of the following laboratory methods would be most useful to confirm the diagnosis of C. trachomatis in these subjects? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical presentations of carcinoma in situ of the penis include |
|
Definition
erythroplasia of Queyrat
Bowen disease.
Bowenoid papulosis |
|
|
Term
| Klinefelter syndrome is associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A 30-year-old man had a feeling of heaviness in his left testis for the past 6 months. Physical examination showed enlargement of the left testis, while the right testis appeared normal. There was a palpable left inguinal lymph node. Ultrasound showed a 4 cm solid mass in the left testis. Laboratory serum beta-HCG at 5 IU/L and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) at 2 ng/mL were within normal ranges. The left testis was removed. Gross examination showed a firm, lobulated light tan mass without hemorrhage or necrosis, and only one cell type was present in the biopsy sections. The patient underwent radiation therapy. Which of the following neoplasms did he most likely to have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A 32-year-old male noted bilateral breast enlargement over the past 7 months. On physical exam there was bilateral gynecomastia without tenderness or masses. His external genitalia appeared normal. Ultrasound scan showed a 1 cm solid mass within the body of the right testis. Laboratory studies showed a serum testosterone of 550 ng/dL (high) and estradiol of 36 pg/mL (high), Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was 9 ng/mL and HCG was non-detectable. Which of the following neoplasms is this man most likely to have? |
|
Definition
|
|
