Term
| Disorders associated with hypofunction of the adrenal cortex |
|
Definition
| anatomic or metabolic lesion of the cortex |
|
|
Term
| Clinical significance with hypofunction of the adrenal cortex |
|
Definition
| impairs output of cortical steroids or secondary to a deficiency of ACTH |
|
|
Term
| Primary chronic adrenocortical insufficiency/Addison's disease |
|
Definition
rare condition caused by any chronic
destructive process (for example idiopathic, TB, autoimmune) in the adrenal cortex. |
|
|
Term
| Primary acute adrenocortical insufficiency (adrenal crisis) |
|
Definition
can occur in patients with Addison disease
under conditions of stress; in association with improper steroid use; in association with hemorrhagic
destruction of adrenal (most often related to bacteremic infection, esp. TB). |
|
|
Term
| Secondary adrenocortical insufficiency |
|
Definition
| any disorder of hypothalamus and pituitary that reduces the output of ACTH. |
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|
Term
| Disorders associated with hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex |
|
Definition
| Cushings syndrome, aldosteronism, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
| Clinical significance of hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex |
|
Definition
| abnormal production of hormones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by any condition producing elevated glucocorticoid levels. Most common cause is administration of exogenous glucocorticoids; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excess production of aldosterone - results in hypertension and hypokalemia |
|
|
Term
| Congenital adrenal hyperplasia |
|
Definition
group of autosomal recessive disorders , characterized by a hereditary
defect in an enzyme involved in cortisol biosynthesis. Decreased cortisol production results in
compensatory increase in ACTH secretion, adrenal hyperplasia and increased production of steriods -
often resulting in virulization. |
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|
Term
| Morphologic features of adenomas and carcinomas of the Adrenal cortex |
|
Definition
| single nodules, small are benign and large are malignant |
|
|
Term
| Clinical significance of adenomas and carcinomas of the Adrenal cortex |
|
Definition
| cortical carcinoma is rare and highly malignant, carcinomas are more likely to be functional |
|
|
Term
| Incidence of pheochromocytoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gross features of pheochromocytoma |
|
Definition
| yellow-tan, well-defined lesions, larger lesions are hemorrhagic, necrotic and cystic |
|
|
Term
| Clinical course of pheochromocytoma |
|
Definition
| sustained/episodic hypertension due to production of catecholamines (epi and norepi), 10% become malignant |
|
|
Term
| Incidence of neuroblastoma |
|
Definition
| 80% found in children, < 5 years, genetic association, most common childhood tumor |
|
|
Term
| Gross features of neuroblastoma |
|
Definition
| arise in adrenal medulla or in retroperitoneal sympathetic ganglia, sharply demaracated with a fibrous pseudocapsule, can be infiltrating and invade surround structures, soft, gray-tan, brainlike tissue, larger have areas of necrosis, cystic softening, and hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| Clinical course of neuroblastoma |
|
Definition
| aggressive tumor, spreads rapidly to liver, lungs and bones |
|
|
Term
| Most common metastasis of adrenal gland |
|
Definition
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