Term
| four clinical settings that may lead to chronic inflammation of the endometrium. |
|
Definition
| PID (intrauterine contraceptive devices), N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis, and tuberculosis following birth or abortion |
|
|
Term
| incidence of pelvic endometriosis |
|
Definition
| 10% of women in their reproductive years, half of women with infertility |
|
|
Term
| common theories of pathogenesis of pelvic endometriosis. |
|
Definition
o Regurgitation theory- menstrual backflow through the fallopian tubes leads to implantation
o Metaplastic theory- endometrial differentiation of coelomic epithelium as the source
o Vascular/ lymphatic dissemination theory- extrapelvic or intranodal implants |
|
|
Term
| common sites involved in pelvic endometriosis. |
|
Definition
| Occurs most frequently in the ovaries, uterine ligaments, rectovaginal septum, pelvic peritoneum |
|
|
Term
| clinical significance of pelvic endometriosis. |
|
Definition
| Tissue functions cyclically like normal endometrium and as a result may cause pain, scarring, infertility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - the presence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium |
|
|
Term
| incidence of endometrial hyperplasia |
|
Definition
| common proliferative lesions of the uterine corpus |
|
|
Term
| symptoms of endometrial hyperplasia |
|
Definition
| : abnormal bleeding, cystically dilated glands, lined by cuboidal or tall columnar epithelium |
|
|
Term
| stages of endometrial hyperplasia |
|
Definition
| Simple hyperplasia (cystic/Swiss cheese hyperplasia) is characterized by cystically dilated glands, lined by cuboidal or tall columnar epithelium. Rarely progresses to adenocarcinoma.Complex hyperplasia (adenomatous hyperplasia ) is characterized by crowding of endometrial glands, with papillary budding into the glands, and outpouchings into the adjacent stroma.The epithelium lining the glands is stratified and hyperplastic. Less than 5% progress to adenocarcinoma.Atypical hyperplasia (complex or adenomatous hyperplasia with atypia) is characterized by glandular crowding and complexity with cellular atypia, including mitotic figures. |
|
|
Term
| relationship of endometrial hyperplasia to endometrial carcinoma |
|
Definition
| 20 to 25% of atypical hyperplasia progress to adenocarcinoma. |
|
|
Term
| incidence of uterine leiomyomata |
|
Definition
| most common tumor in women |
|
|
Term
| pathogenesis of uterine leiomyomata |
|
Definition
| benign tumors from smooth muscle cells in myometrium |
|
|
Term
| clinical course of uterine leiomyomata |
|
Definition
| Are probably endocrine-dependent lesions whose growth or size is related to estrogens. In the female genital tract leiomyomas can be extremely large without being considered potentially malignant. The tumors may be asymptomatic or may cause profuse bleeding at the time of the menstrual period, pain, pressure on the urinary bladder, impaired fertility. The tumors generally regress after menopause. Malignant transformation is very rare. |
|
|
Term
| gross features of uterine leiomyomata |
|
Definition
| : Tumors are sharply circumscribed, round, firm tumors that vary in size from small nodules to massive tumors. |
|
|
Term
| incidence of uterine adenocarcinoma |
|
Definition
| : most common invasive cancer of the female genital tract, post menopausal women |
|
|
Term
| pathogenesis of uterine adenocarcinoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| clinical course of uterine adenocarcinoma |
|
Definition
| irregular bleeding, The prognosis is heavily dependent on the stage of the disease when diagnosed. Patients with stage I disease have a 90% five-year survival rate, compared to 20% five-year survival in patients with advanced disease |
|
|
Term
| incidence of uterine mixed mesodermal tumor |
|
Definition
| rare, post menopausal women |
|
|
Term
| pathogenesis of uterine mixed mesodermal tumor |
|
Definition
| aggressive tumor os the endometrium, Tumors contain malignant glandular and stromal elements (including muscle, cartilage, osteoid). Grossly the tumor may protrude through the cervical os into the vagina. |
|
|
Term
| clinical course of uterine mixed mesodermal tumor |
|
Definition
| abdominal bleeding, Five-year survival rate is 25 to 30%. |
|
|
Term
| incidence of uterine leiomyosarcoma |
|
Definition
| uncommon malignant tumor of myometrium (smooth muscle), 40-60 |
|
|
Term
| pathogenesis of uterine leiomyosarcoma |
|
Definition
| : not caused by leiomyoma |
|
|
Term
| clinical course of uterine leiomyosarcoma |
|
Definition
| Tumors tend to recur and may metastasize to lungs, bone, and brain. Overall five year survival rate is about 40%. |
|
|
Term
| incidence of uterine endometrial stromal sarcoma |
|
Definition
| : uncommon malignany neoplasm of endometrial stroma |
|
|
Term
| pathogenesis of uterine endometrial stromal sarcoma |
|
Definition
| Low grade version is called endolymphatic stromal myosis |
|
|
Term
| clinical course of uterine endometrial stromal sarcoma |
|
Definition
| May metastasize to distant sites |
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