Term
| Common types of pathology to involve the ureters |
|
Definition
| obstruction/compression, stones, papillary transitional cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Common etiologic agents of cystitis in men |
|
Definition
| obstruction of urine outflow due to benign prostatic hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
| Common etiologic agents of cystitis in women |
|
Definition
| reflux growth of perineal organisms, E. coli |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of cystitis in men |
|
Definition
| frequeny lower abdominal pain, pain or burning on urination, fever, chills and general malaise |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of cystitis in women |
|
Definition
| frequeny lower abdominal pain, pain or burning on urination, fever, chills and general malaise |
|
|
Term
| Clinical significance of cystitis in men |
|
Definition
| association with stones, diverticuli, and carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Clinical significance of cystitis in women |
|
Definition
| infection can ascend to kidneys (pyelonephritis) |
|
|
Term
| General types of malignancy involving the urinary bladder |
|
Definition
| carcinoma, carcinoma in situ and precancerous lesions, and secondary tumors |
|
|
Term
| General incidence of transitional cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
| usual type of carcinoma of urinary bladder, more common in males in industrialized nations, and urban dwellers, 50- 70’s |
|
|
Term
| Pathogenesis of transitional cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
| related to Schistosomiasis, exposure to chemicals, dietary additives and smoking, painless hematuria |
|
|
Term
| Gross appearance of transtitional cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
can be flat or lesions with endophytic growth pattern
Grading of transitional cell carcinoma: usually low grade papillary tumors |
|
|
Term
| Clinical course of transitional cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
| treated with curettage and installation of chemotherapeutic agent to cause sloughing of bladder mucosa, multifocal and reoccurring, flat and endophytic lesions are more aggressive |
|
|
Term
| Relative 5 year survival rate for transitional call carcinoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- benign mucosal neoplasms sometimes classified as grade I papillary carcinoma. Less than
10% develop invasive carcinoma. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
usual type of carcinoma of urinary bladder is transitional cell carcinoma. Squamous carcinoma,
adenocarcinoma, as well as sarcomas and secondary malignancies also involve bladder |
|
|
Term
| Intraepithelial changes in the urinary bladder that precede bladder carcinoma |
|
Definition
| hyperplasia --> atypical hyperplasia --> dysplasia --> carcinoma in situ |
|
|
Term
| Common tumors to involve the urinary bladder by direct extension |
|
Definition
| cervix, uterus, prostate and rectum |
|
|
Term
| Common causes of bladder obstruction in males |
|
Definition
| prostate enlargement of carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Common causes of bladder obstruction in females |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Morphological changes in the bladder resulting from obstruction of the neck of the bladder |
|
Definition
| obstruction leads to hypertrophy of bladder, diverticula and eventual hydronephrosis |
|
|
Term
| Incidence of bladder calculi |
|
Definition
| 95% in men, less common than kidney stones |
|
|
Term
| Pathogenesis of bladder calculi |
|
Definition
| associated with urinary stasis, urinary infections, and foreign bodies |
|
|
Term
| associated with urinary stasis, urinary infections, and foreign bodies |
|
Definition
| can be asymptomatic or cause cause suprapubic pain, dysuria and hematuria |
|
|
Term
| Common types of fistulas that occur in the bladder |
|
Definition
| between bladder and vagina, rectum or uterus |
|
|
Term
| Causes of fistulas of the bladder |
|
Definition
| post surgical, crohn’s disease or diverticulitis or radiation therapy |
|
|
Term
| Clinical signfiance of fistulas of the bladder |
|
Definition
| can cause spontaneous bleeding, inflammation and infection |
|
|
Term
| The MOST common cause of cystitis is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A 3-year-old child became more irritable over a two month period and did not want to eat much at meals. On physical examination the pediatrician noted an enlarged abdomen and could palpate a mass on the right. An abdominal CT scan showed a 10 cm solid mass involving the right kidney. The resected mass had the microscopic appearance of small blue cells with primitive tubular structures. The child received chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and there was no recurrence.
Which of the following conditions did this child most likely have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which primary malignancy occurs in structures lined by urothelium, such as the renal pelvis, urinary bladder and ureter? |
|
Definition
| transitional cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| A urinary bladder biopsy from a patient with a long history of schistosomiasis was examined. The biopsy showed extensive chronic inflammation and widespread metaplasia. The patient is at highest risk for developing which of the following tumors? |
|
Definition
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