Term
| General Causes/Conditions associated with glomerular disease |
|
Definition
| immunologic disease, systemic lupus erythematosis, diabetes mellitus, and amyloidosis |
|
|
Term
| Significance of proteinuria to glomerular disease |
|
Definition
| Protein is not usually allowed to pass through the podocytes into the ultrafiltrate in Bowman’s space, indicates damage that alters the podocytes or glomerular basement |
|
|
Term
| Significance of blood urea nitrogen to glomerular disease |
|
Definition
| reflect glomerular filtration rate, an increase indicates a low GFR |
|
|
Term
| Significance of creatinine to glomerular disease |
|
Definition
| glomerular filtration rate, an increase indicates a low GFR |
|
|
Term
| Tissue studies commonly used for evaluation of glomerular disease |
|
Definition
| light microscopy, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy |
|
|
Term
| Definition of Nephrotic syndrome |
|
Definition
| massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, generalized edema, and hyperlipidemia as a result of glomerular disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elevation of BUN (SUN) and creatinine due to decreased glomerular filtration rate; may be pre-renal, renal or post-renal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combination of azotemia plus metabolic effects resulting from accumulations of toxic chemical products; secondary damage to GI, nervous or cardiovascular systems |
|
|
Term
| Etiology of acute poststreptococcal glomerulenephritis |
|
Definition
| streptococcal infection of throat or skin |
|
|
Term
| Pathogenesis of acute poststreptococcal glomerulenephritis |
|
Definition
| antibodies to streptococcal organism form an immune complex in circulation which becomes depositied in glomercular basement membrane, which triggers an acute inflammatory response in glomerulus |
|
|
Term
| Clinical course of acute postreptococcal gomerulenephritis |
|
Definition
| spontaneous or rapid progression resulting in kidney destruction, can be chronic |
|
|
Term
| Definition of Chronic glomerulonephritis |
|
Definition
| end stage glomerular disease |
|
|
Term
| Clinical course of Chronic glomerulonephritis |
|
Definition
| follows acute glomerulonephritis and outcome is chronic renal failure |
|
|
Term
| Effects of Systemic Lupus erythematosus on glomeruli |
|
Definition
| causes deposits of immunoglobulin and complement in glomeruli can cause hematuria, red cell casts, proteinuria, and nephritic syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Effects of Diabetic glomerulosclerosis on glomeruli |
|
Definition
| causes diffuse or nodular depositis of PAS-positive material in glomeruli, deposits become large and compress glomerular capillaries resulting in ischemia, atrophy and fibrosis |
|
|
Term
| Effects of amyloidosis on glomeruli |
|
Definition
| pathologic protinaceous substance depoisited in glomeruli |
|
|
Term
| Systemic lupus erythematosus |
|
Definition
| multisystem autoimmune disease associated with antinuclear antibodies |
|
|
Term
| Diabetic glomerulosclerosis |
|
Definition
| diffuse or nodular deposits of PAS-positive material in glomeruli. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
amyloid is a pathologic proteinaceous substance, deposited in various tissues and organs of
the body in a wide variety of clinical settings |
|
|
Term
| Definition of Acute Pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
| acute suppurative inflammation |
|
|
Term
| Etiology of Acute Pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathogenesis of Acute Pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
| bacterial infection becomes blood borne or ascending causes stasis |
|
|
Term
| Clinical course of Acute Pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of Chronic Pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Etiology of Chronic Pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
| obstruction or chronic reflux-associated disease |
|
|
Term
| Pathogenesis of Chronic Pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
| greater stasis and infection leads to widespread destruction of the kidney |
|
|
Term
| Clinical course of Chronic Pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
| can progress to chronic renal failure |
|
|
Term
| Mechanisms by which drugs and toxins can produce renal injury |
|
Definition
| cause interstitial immunologic reaction which can cause acute renal failure by direct tubular damage or subtle injury leading to chronic renal insufficiency |
|
|
Term
| Definition of Acute tubular necrosis |
|
Definition
| all forms of acute renal failure associated with destruction of tubular epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
| Causes of acute tubular necrosis |
|
Definition
| hypotensive episode (shock) or ingestion, injection or inhalation of toxic agent |
|
|
Term
| Clinical significance of acute tubular necrosis |
|
Definition
| there is a massive water loss which is reversible |
|
|
Term
| Definition of benign hypertension |
|
Definition
| disease of the blood vessel in which there is a thickening of small arterial walls and arteriole walls in the kidney |
|
|
Term
| Clinical significance of benign hypertension |
|
Definition
| renal ischemia rarely causes renal insufficiency |
|
|
Term
| Definition of malignant hypertension |
|
Definition
| fibrinoid necrosis of arterioles and thickening of interlobular arteries and arterioles |
|
|
Term
| Clinical Signifance of malignant hypertension |
|
Definition
| causes renal insuffiency due to ischemia |
|
|
Term
| Major source of emboli causing renal infarcts |
|
Definition
| thrombi in left side of heart |
|
|
Term
| Morphology of renal infarcts |
|
Definition
| white, wedge-shaped with base against cortical surface and apex pointing toward medulla |
|
|
Term
| Clinical Signficance of renal infarcts |
|
Definition
| much of blood supply is filtered through kidney |
|
|
Term
| General incidence of simple cysts of the kidney |
|
Definition
| common postmortem findings |
|
|
Term
| Significance of simple cysts of the kidney |
|
Definition
| no clinical significance, need to differentiated from kidney tumors |
|
|
Term
| Incidence of adult polycystic disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pattern of inhereitance of adult polycystic disease |
|
Definition
| autosomal dominant genetic |
|
|
Term
| Gross features of adult polycystic disease |
|
Definition
| bilateral, progressive, replacement of renal parenchyma with cysts |
|
|
Term
| Clinical course of adult polycystic disease |
|
Definition
| causes pressure atrophy of remaining normal kidney and renal failure |
|
|
Term
| Incidence of childhood polycystic disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pattern of inhereitance of childhoof polycystic disease |
|
Definition
| autosomal recessive genetic, congenital |
|
|
Term
| Gross features of childhood polycystic disease |
|
Definition
| bilaterial, small cysts in cortex and medulla |
|
|
Term
| Clinical course of childhood polycystic disease |
|
Definition
| associated with liver cysts and proliferation of portal bile ducts |
|
|
Term
| Common causes of urinary tract obstruction |
|
Definition
| metastatic periureteral fasic aand lymph nodes from cervical cancinoma, Leiomyoma, pregnancy, stones, staghorn calculus, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and prostatic hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
| Incidence of renal calculi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Etiology of renal calculi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical significance of renal calculi |
|
Definition
| become significant when they obstruct urinary flow |
|
|
Term
| Definition of hydronephrosis |
|
Definition
| urinary outflow obstruction |
|
|
Term
| Morphology of hydronephrosis |
|
Definition
| dilation of renal pelvis and calyces associated with progressive atrophy of kidney |
|
|
Term
| Clinical course of hydronephrosis |
|
Definition
| obstruction of outflow of urine |
|
|
Term
| Incidence of cortical adenoma |
|
Definition
| most common tumor of the kidney |
|
|
Term
| Morphology of cortical ademona |
|
Definition
| <2.5 cm, no hemorrhage, no necrosis and no clear cells |
|
|
Term
| Clinical significance of cortical adenoma |
|
Definition
| need to be distinguished from renal cell carcinomas |
|
|
Term
| Incidence of renal cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
| 80-90% of malignany kidney tumors, 60’s and 70’s, male |
|
|
Term
| Pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
| tumors arise from tubular epithelium |
|
|
Term
| Morphology of renal cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
| bright yellow-gray-white, encapsulated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more common organ cancers in children under 10 |
|
|
Term
| Morphology of Wilms tumor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical course of Wilms tumor |
|
Definition
| tumor forms primitive glomeruli with poorly formed bowmans space and abortive tubules in spindle cell stroma, responsive to radiotherapy, nephrectomy, chemotherapy but can metastasize |
|
|
Term
| Incidence of transitional cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical symptoms of transititonal cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
| hematuria, obstruct urinary outflow, hydronephrosis |
|
|
Term
| Prognosis of transitional cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which urinary tract disease presents with clinical features of malaise, fever and nephritis, usually after a skin or pharyngeal infection? |
|
Definition
| acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (GN) |
|
|
Term
| Of the following renal failure syndromes, which is considered a "Total Renal Failure" because it is caused by irreversible, permanent destruction of nephrons? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elevation of BUN (SUN) and creatinine due to decreased glomerular filtration rate. |
|
|
Term
A patient has diabetic nephropathy with diffuse glomerulosclerosis, pyelonephritis and arteriolosclerosis. A patient with this presentation could die from the second most common cause of death in diabetic patients.
What is your diagnosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| causes death from uremia, cerebral hemorrhage or cardiac failure if untreated. |
|
|
Term
| Proteinuria (elevated levels of protein in urine) suggests damage to the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) of the kidney is associated with |
|
Definition
| destruction of tubular epithelial cells. |
|
|
Term
| Obstruction of the lower urinary tract would MOST likely result in |
|
Definition
|
|
