Term
| Acute Gastritis definition |
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Definition
| acute mucosal inflammatory process |
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Term
| pathogensis of Acute Gastritis |
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Definition
- frequently associated with ingestion of alcohol, also aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs, heavy smoking, severe stress, etc. |
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Term
| clinical course of Acute Gastritis |
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Definition
| can be transient, or lead to superficial erosions, can resolve, can asymptomatic or painful |
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Term
| Chronic gastritis definition |
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Definition
| Chronic mucosal inflammatory changes leading to mucosal atrophy and epithelial metaplasia |
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Term
| pathogensis of Chronic gastritis |
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Definition
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Term
| clinical course of Chronic gastritis |
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Definition
| autoimmune- gland destruction, parietal cell loss, mucosal atrophy, dysplasia, loss of intrinsic factor leads to pernicious anemia, increased risk for adenocarcinoma |
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Term
| Importance of H. Pylori as a causative agent of gastritis |
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Definition
| cause inflammation, 5X greater risk for gastric cancer, chronic lymphoid proliferation implicated as precursor to gastric lymphoma, lymphocytic/plasmocytic infiltrate in lamina propria, gland loss and atrophy, H. pylori overlie superficial mucosal epithelium, intestinal metaplasmia. |
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Term
| Acute gastric erosion and ulceration definition |
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Definition
| acutely developing gastric mucosal defect |
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Term
| causes of acute gastric erosion and ulceration |
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Definition
| severe stress, ETOH, smoking, caffeine, severe infections, shock, burns, aspirin, chemotherapy, and uremia |
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Term
| gross features of acute gastric erosion and ulceration |
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Definition
| Gastric lesions are multiple and may extend to duodenum. May be superficial (erosion) or involve the entire mucosal thickness (ulceration) |
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Term
| characteristics sites involved by peptic ulcers |
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Definition
|
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Term
| incidence of peptic ulcers |
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Definition
| deaths each year, 10% change for developing an ulcer for males, 4% for females |
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Term
| pathogensis of peptic ulcers |
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Definition
| imbalance between acid-pepsin, injury (H. pylori infection, NSAID, Aspirin, Cigarettes, Alcohol, Gastric hyperacidity, or duodenal-gastric reflux) causes increased damage or impairs the normal defensive forces (surface mucus secretion, bicarbonate secretion into mucus, mucosal blood flow, apical surface membrane transport, epithelial regenerative capacity, elaboration of prostaglandins) which leads to peptic ulceration |
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Term
| gross features of peptic ulcers |
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Definition
| necrotic debris, nonspecific acute inflammation, granulation tissue, and fibrosis, less curvature of the stomach, clean base, histology varies with stage of ulcer and degree of healing |
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Term
| clinical course of peptic ulcers |
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Definition
| : burning/gnawing symptoms can have bleeding and perforation complications, antibiotics to promote healing and prevent recurrences |
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Term
| incidence of benign tumors of the stomach |
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Definition
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Term
| clinical significance of benign tumors of the stomach |
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Definition
| may be a hyperplastic polyp, usually 80-85% (exaggeration of normal mucosa) or a true neoplasm (adenomatous growth). Patients with adenomatous polyps of the stomach have a 50% chance of gastric carcinoma somewhere in the stomach |
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Term
| common malignant tumors that occur in the stomach |
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Definition
| adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, carcinoid tumor and GIST |
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Term
| incidence of common malignant tumors that occur in the stomach |
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Definition
| Carcinoma (90-95%), lymphoma (4%), carcinoid (3%), and GIST (2%) |
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Term
| incidence of adenocarcinoma of the stomach |
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Definition
| usual type of gastric cancer |
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Term
| epidemiology of adenocarcinoma of the stomach |
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Definition
| affects men: women (3:2), intestinal type- M:F 2:1, > 50, diffuse/gastric type- M=F, younger |
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Term
| etiology of adenocarcinoma of the stomach |
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Definition
| chronic H. pylori infection, chronic gastritis, de novo |
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Term
| pathogenesis of adenocarcinoma of the stomach |
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Definition
| can be intestinal- which arises in the setting of chronic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia transforms to dysplasia and then to carcinoma, could also be diffuse which arises de novo, and is poorly differentiated |
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Term
| gross features of adenocarcinoma of the stomach |
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Definition
| polypoid, ulcerating, diffusely infiltrating (signet ring cell carcinoma - "linitis plastica" - leather bottle stomach. Produces no gross mass, just diffuse thickening of wall.) classified by depth of invasion |
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Term
| clinical course of adenocarcinoma of the stomach |
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Definition
| dyspepsia and pain, can present polypoid, ulcerative or diffusely infiltrative, early is it confined to mucosa and submucosa, then it extends to muscularis and/or beyond, metastasis to supraclavicular node (Virchow) or to ovaries (krukenberg) |
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Term
| : A 50-year-old man had persistent nausea for 5 years with occasional vomiting. On physical examination there were no abnormal findings. He underwent an upper GI endoscopy, and an abnormal area of gastric mucosa was noted in the fundus (stomach) which had no rugal folds. A biopsy revealed an early, well-differentiated adenocarcinoma confined to the mucosa. An upper GI endoscopy performed 5 years previously showed a pattern of gastritis and microscopically there was chronic inflammation with the presence of Helicobacter pylori. Which of the following interpretations is most applicable to his neoplasm? |
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Definition
| A high incidence of occurrence in the United States |
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Term
| A 54-year-old man complained for 5 months of upper abdominal pain accompanied by nausea. He does not have hematemesis. On physical examination the only finding was a stool sample positive for occult blood. Upper GI endoscopy was performed and gastric biopsies were taken. On microscopic examination the biopsies revealed acute and chronic mucosal inflammation with the presence of Helicobacter pylori organisms. The presence of these organisms is most likely to be associated with which of the following? |
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Definition
| Duodenal peptic ulceration |
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Term
| This gastric carcinoma in this image is described as linitus plastica because |
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Definition
| malignant tumor cells infiltrating the stroma cause the stomach wall to have a "leather bottle" consistency. |
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