Term
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Definition
| accumulation of excess fluid in the intercellular (interstitial) tissue spaces or body cavities. |
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Term
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Definition
| severe and generalized edema causing diffuse swelling of all tissues and organs in the body. |
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Definition
| collection of edema fluid in one of the body cavities |
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Term
| Ascites/peritoneal effusion |
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Definition
| collection of edema fluid in the peritoneal cavity. |
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Term
| Hydrothorax/pleural effusion |
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Definition
| collection of edema fluid in the pleural cavity |
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Term
| Hydropericardium/pericardial effusion |
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Definition
| collection of edema fluid in the pericardial sac. |
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Term
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Definition
| a fluid with low protein content and a specific gravity less than 1.012. Is an ultrafiltrate of blood plasma and results from hydrostatic imbalance across intact vascular endothelium. |
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Term
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Definition
| an inflammatory extravascular fluid that has a high protein concentration, cellular debris, and specific gravity above 1.020. Implies significant alteration in the normal permeability of small blood vessels in the area of injury. |
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Term
| Mechanism for maintaining the normal distribution of total body water |
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Definition
in the microcirculation a small amount of fluid leaks out of capillaries into the extracellular spaces as a result of the relatively high hydrostatic pressure at the arteriole end of the capillaries. Much of this fluid is returned to venules due to the relatively high osmotic pressure associated with the presence of proteins, such as albumin, remaining in the capillary.
The excess extracellular fluid is absorbed by blind ending lymphatic capillaries. Alteration in the system at any point results in edema. |
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Term
| The Primary causes of Edema (5) |
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Definition
| increased hydrostatic pressure, reduced oncotic pressure, lymphatic obstruction, increased osmotic tension of interstitial fluid, increased endothelial permeability |
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Term
| Increased hydrostatic pressure |
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Definition
Local increased hydrostatic pressure results from impaired venous return
Generalized increased hydrostatic pressure leads to systematic edema (in congestive heart failure) due to reduced cardiac output, the angiotension-renin axis and inducing sodium and water retention |
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Term
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Definition
| conditions in which albumin is lost from circulation or synthesis causes reduced plasma osmotic pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| localized obstruction caused by inflammatory or neoplastic condition, can also occur as a complication of therapy |
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Term
| Increased osmotic tension of interstitial fluid related to sodium retention |
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Definition
| excessive retention of salt can lead to edema by increasing hydrostatic pressure (expansion of intravascular volume) and reducing plasma osmotic pressure |
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Term
| Increased endothelial permeability |
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Definition
| inflammation, burns, trauma, allergic or immunologic reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| Congestive heart failure, renal diseases, cirrhosis of the liver, and other reasons |
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Term
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Definition
| reduced cardiac output leads to hypoperfusion of the kidneys, triggering the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis and inducing sodium and water retention. Failing heart cannot increase its cardiac output in response to the compensatory increases in blood volume. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nephrotic syndrome- damaged glomerular capillaries become leaky, leading to the loss of albumin in the urine and the development of generalized edema |
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Term
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Definition
| low albumin levels lead to edema, reduced intravascular volume, renal hypoperfusion, and secondary hyperaldosteronism. Increased salt and water retention fails to restore the plasma volume deficit, and exacerbates the edema because low serum protein still exists. |
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Term
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Definition
Filariasis- parasitic infection causes massive edema of lower extremities and genitalia by engendering inguinal lymphatic and lymph node fibrosis.
Breast cancer- infiltration and obstruction of superficial lymphatics can cause edema of the overlying skin; the characteristic finely pitted appearance of the skin of the affected breast called peau d'orange. Complications of therapy after axillary lymph node resection and/or irradiation, can disrupt and obstruct lymphatic drainage, resulting in severe lymphedema |
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Term
| 3 Causes of localized edema |
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Definition
| impaired venous drainage, increase in vascular permeability, lymphatic blockage |
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Term
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Definition
| DVT in the lower extremity can cause edema restricted to the distal portion of the affected leg |
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Term
| increase in vascular permeability |
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Definition
| excessive retention of salt leads to edema by increasing hydrostatic pressure |
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Term
| Clinical significance of edema |
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Definition
| minor or major significance depending on underlying cause |
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Term
| Fluid moves from the bloodstream into surrounding tissues when there is a/an |
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Definition
| increase in tissue hydrostatic pressure and a decrease in tissue oncotic pressure |
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Term
| What is the difference between an effusion and localized edema? |
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Definition
| an effusion is a collection of excess fluid in a body cavity; localized edema is the accumulation of excess fluid in interstitial tissues |
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Term
| Edema occurs very early in an acute inflammatory response. The mediator MOST responsible for triggering the events leading to this early edema is |
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