Term
|
Definition
| A change in normal body function/structure that leads to abnormal function (ex. Resulting from a direct insult, such as trauma or infection, or an indirect insult such as a disturbance in metabolism). |
|
|
Term
| Complications and sequalae |
|
Definition
| The secondary consequences of disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of disease within certain populations. The patterns of the disease are studied as well as risk factors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of the causes of disease. (Ex. Biological agents, chemical agents or physical forces). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disease caused as the result of a medical treatment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disease of unknown origin, when we do not know what causes a disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The impairment of health by illness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A disease that causes the death of the patient. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The stages through which a disease progresses; the production and development or mechanism of disease. The sequence of cellular events that take place from time of initial contact with the etiological agent until the expression of the disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of disease and disease processes (their causes typical characteristics and effects). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cells attempt to maintain an internal steady state, but when exposed to an adverse stimulus they undergo various adaptations (ex. In pattern of growth to establish a new steady state. If the stimulus is removed the cell reverts to normal). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A decrease in tissue mass due to shrinkage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An alteration in the size, shape or organization of the cells in a tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An increase in the size of existing cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An increase in the number of cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The substitution of one cell type for another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Absence or almost complete absence of oxygen form inspired gases, arterial blood or tissues. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Programmed cell death; characteristically seen during development but it can also occur pathologically. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Results from an overwhelming injury or one in which the cell has no time to mount an adaptive response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Results from an acute injury to the cell or low level, long-term chronic stimuli. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An insoluble form of tissue storage iron, can be seen under the microscope or without specific stains. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An increase in cell volume due to the impairment of normal ion regulation mechanisms that leads to an increase in cellular water; characterized by a large, pale cytoplasm and normally located nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A brownish pigment derived from lipids and cell membrane turnover, increases in cells with age. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dark pigment produced by oxidation of tyrosine and dihydroxyphenol compounds, seen in skin, choroid coat of eye, some brain cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Death of a cell or tissue, characterized by changes in the cytoplasm and nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A variety of chemicals secreted by various cells and from injured tissue involved in the inflammatory response. Example- histamine. Responsible for mediating vascular and cellular responses in inflammation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phenomenon that guides and attracts WBCs to the site of injury. Chemotactic agents include some of the chemical mediators, antibodies, products from bacteria and dead tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fluid accumulation outside of a vessel; it has a high protein content and contains various types of inflammatory cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| or WBC; the cell type that predominates in acute inflammation is the polymorphonuclear WBC (PMN) or the neutrophil. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Another type of white blood cell; as inflammatory process continues these cells finish off what the neutrophils begin and continue to clean up the debris. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The degree of selectivity a membrane shoes in allowing substances to pass through or in preventing passage, “leakiness” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process in which a cell takes particles and substances into itself for destruction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fever-producing substance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In this case the fluid contains little, if any protein or cells, and is usally due to changes in hydrostatic pressure or osmotic pressure in the blood vessel. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increase in size or diameter of a blood vessel; brought about by chemical mediators. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The formation of new blood vessels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A scar; the fibrous tissue left after the healing of a wound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The formation of a scar (by conversion of granulation tissue to a scar). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The protein substance of fibers of skin, tendon, bone, cartilage and other connective tissues; produced by fibroblasts; several different types. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Formation of fibrous tissue usually in repair or replacement of cellular elements. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The small, rounded masses of tissue formed during healing; made up of newly formed capillaries, fibroblasts elaborating connective tissue, and macrophages. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped scar due to excessive collagen formation during connective tissue repair. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The renewal of structure by replacement of cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Restoration of damaged tissue by the growth of new cells (the same as those that were lost, or different). Dependant on original cell type. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cicatrix; a mark remaining after the healing of a wound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A systemic allergic reaction; immediate hypersensitivity reaction to a small amount of antigen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A plasma protein, an immunoglobulin, produced by a plasma cell. There are 5 classes of antibodies or (immunoglobulins (Ig)). IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any substance that is not a natural part of an individual can induce an immune response and react with the products of that response. It is usually a protein or other large molecule, a pathogen or microorganism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An immune response that is directed against self-antigens on various body tissues. Both antibodies and T-cells will attach self-antigens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Normal immune function is a defensive action by the host to neutralize potentially harmful antigens; abnormalities in immune function result when the system over-responds (hypersensitivity) or under responds (immunodeficiency). There are four types of hypersensitivity reactions that can lead to harm to host tissues - three mediated by humoral immunity (Types I, II, III) and one mediated by T cells (Type IV). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A specific response to a disease agent that sensitizes the system to the agent creating a greater response upon subsequent exposures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Direct attack of foreign “invader” by the T cells. T cells act directly on antigens; they act against viruses, fungi, parasites, tumor cells and some bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The production of circulating antibodies by B lymphocytes to mount an immune response; especially effective against bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nonspecific or innate defense against disease; does not require previous exposure; comprised of barrier epithelial cells (of skin and mucous membranes of GI tract, respiratory tract and genitourinary tract); secretions (tears, saliva, mucous membrane secretions); the inflammatory response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A loss of normal immune function; deficiencies can be genetic or acquired. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of two classes of lymphocytes; produced and mature in the bone marrow (Bone marrow -derived); when stimulated by an antigen they transform and mature into plasma cells - each plasma cell produces an antibody which is secreted into the circulation and attacks foreign substances (antigens). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of two classes of lymphocytes; lymphoid stem cell produced in the bone marrow and matures in the thymus (Thymus-derived); cells that can recognize specific antigens and attack foreign cells. There are several classes of T cells, e.g. cytotoxic T cells, helper/inducer T cells, suppressor T cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A population of lymphocytes that cannot be classified as T or B cells; have the capacity to recognize and kill a variety of tumour cells or virally-infected cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| complete lack of differentiation; cell has reverted back to its nondifferentiated or primitive form - variable cell and nuclear size and shape, increased chromatin, increased and atypical mitosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a tumour that DOES NOT invade or spread. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the general term used for MALIGNANT neoplasms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - all cells go through a process of differentiation in which a primitive, nonspecialized cell matures into a specific cell type (e.g. muscle cells, nerve cells, etc.). Neoplastic cells are often assessed for their degree of differentiation, i.e. the extent to which the cell resembles its normal mature counterpart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal tissue development, may see changes in nucleus (irregular nucleus - increased size or change in shape, increased number of nucleoli, increased amount of chromatin) or cytoplasm; may be reversible. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defined by the ability to invade local tissues and spread to distant sites (metastasis). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability of a cancer to spread to other parts of the body through the blood or lymph circulation and establish and grow new tumours; metastases refers to the secondary tumours that are implanted at the distant site. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| literally means "new growth"; the process that results in the formation and growth of a tumour. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal mass of tissue that grows more rapidly than normal, is uncoordinated with that of normal tissue and continues to grow after the stimulus that initiated the new growth is removed or stops. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are deregulated or altered genes (proto-oncogenes) that lead to the development of cancer; these proto-oncogenes are usually normal genes that play key roles in controlling cell growth and differentiation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the field involved in the study and treatment of tumours (oncos = tumour). |
|
|
Term
| What are the two leading causes of death in both men and women? |
|
Definition
1. Cancer
2. Heart Disease |
|
|
Term
| True or False, Roughly the same amount of men and women die from heart disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cancer is the leading cause of death in men and women? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three leading causes of morbidity? |
|
Definition
1. Circulatory Disease
2. GI Disease
3. Respiratory Disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A defect in pregnancy meaning abnormally low amounts of amniotic fluid. |
|
|
