Term
poorly defined, invasive, increased cellularity
pleomorphism
nuclei enlarged, hyperchromatic, coarse chromatin, variable nucleoli. mitosis abnormal
mesenchymal origin
spread via hematogenous route/direct invasion
presence of smooth muscle |
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Definition
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Term
most reliable malignancy criterion
2nd most reliable |
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Definition
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Term
| what 3 sites of spreads are leiomyosarcoma of uterus |
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Definition
lung, bone, brain
not liver b/c drain via iliac vein to IVC. |
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Term
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Definition
stage: TNM to assess extend of tumor spread.
grade: 1-4 to predict behavior of mal. tumor + criteria for therapy
anaplasia
rapidity of growth
degree of abnormal growth |
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Term
parathyroid gland
blue cells closely resembling chief cell
no pleomorphism, anaplasia, nuclear change
not a lot of adipose tissue
only 1 gland involved.
hypercalccemia
arose from glandular epithelium
do not form glands |
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Definition
parathyroid adenoma
not hyperplasia
endocrine tumor usually don't form gland but still adenoma |
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Term
cough, hemoptysis, 20 lb weight loss, hypercalcemia
nuclear enlargement nuclei, mitosis, increase in N/C
hyperchromatic nuclei, clumping, clearing of chromatin, pleomorphism, abnormal nuclcear membrane
invasive
keratin pearl + nests and sheets of polygonal cell and intercellular bridge
infiltrate into pleural cavity/mediastinal hilar lymph node
meta to brain bone liver, adenal |
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Definition
squamous cell carcinoma of lung
cough: bronchial irritation
hemoptysis: erosion of blood vessel
20 lb weight loss: cancer cachexia
hypercalcemia: paraneoplastic syndrome |
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Term
infiltrate thru wall
colonic epithelium form cohesive nest
desmoplastic response to tumor
form gland, but not goblet cell
increase CEA
cytokeratin test |
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Definition
colonic adenocarcinoma
not sarcoma b/c epithelium
adenocarcinoma cuz form gland
cytokeratin b/c carcinoma |
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Term
immunocytochemical stain on what cell
CD45
Cytokeratin
vimentin
desmin
glial fibrillary acidic protein
neurofilament protein
PSA
aFP |
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Definition
all leukocyte
carcinoma/epithelium
sarcoma/mesenchym
sm + skeletal m
glial
neuro
prostate
liver + testis tumor. |
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Term
cell not pleomorphic
anaplastic
little cytoplasm
cigar shaped
no keratin
no gland
extensive replacement by hepatocyte, many mitosis, hyperchromatasia, lack of cohesion
ACTH
green near tumor nodule |
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Definition
small cell undifferentiated carcinoma metastasized to liver.
green cuz bile stasis from blockage of canaliculi and small bile duct by tumor.
histologically: canalicular cholestasis via dilatation of sinusoid. |
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Term
menorrhagia, anemia, fatigue, , constipation, urinary frequency.
endothelial and mesothelial origin, slow, expansile, displacing adjacent tissue, not invasive, compressing but not destroying,
rare/no mitosis, nuclei resemble myometrium, no pleomorphism, no hyperchromatasia, normal nucleoli
cigar shaped, round central nuclei |
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Definition
leiomyomas
mesenchymal tumor.
hamartoma: disorganized mass of normal tissue, not true neoplasm.
hypertrophy: increase in size, not tumor
hyperplasia: increase in number of cell. |
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Term
gross: erythroplakia + leukoplakia on uvula
mitosis above basal layer of epitheliaum with lack of maturation of squamous cell
BM intact
koilocyte |
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Definition
carcinoma in situ via HP, not well differentiated, but if become invasive is squamous cell ca.
koilocyte: hypercormatic, nuclear folding and vacuoles surrounding abnormal nuclei. |
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Term
gross: continually enlarged lump with ulceration of lip.
invasive tumor nest replacing dermis infiltrating BM
desmoplasia isolating nests of tumor cell
keratin pearls
sheets/pavement-like nests of polygonal cell showing cellular cohesion, large amount of cytoplasm, intercellular bridge, keratinization.
no gland formation or production of mucin
stratified squamous.
great variation in size and shape. |
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Definition
| squamous cell carcinoma, well differnetiated (not anaplastic), pleomorphic |
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Term
gross: white, locally invasive can, not well circumscribed, diffusing.
irregular nests
desmoplasia between
great variation in size
form nests of tumor cell
epithelial cell surrounding lumen forming glands
next to adipose cell |
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Definition
| breast adenocarcinoma, poorly differentiated, pleiotropic (infiltrating ductal carcinoma) |
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Term
| 3 categories of heritary tumor 2 example of each |
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Definition
1. familial tumor: retinoblastoma (Rb), Li-Fraumani (P53), wilms
2. benign inherited tumor: FAP (APC)
3. DNA chromosomal instability syndrome:
ataxia telangiectasia -> lymphoma.
xeroderma pigmentosa -> basal cell and squamous cell ca.
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Term
gross: necrosis, hemorrhage, brain, flattened gyri, compressed sulci and ventricle
histo: big gland tall columnar cell invading brain cell.
form gland
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Definition
| metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma to the brain, well differentiated. hematologenic route. |
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Term
tumor deposited in subcapsular sinus region, with anthracotic pigment
nest of tumor cell
desmoplasia
for gland
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Definition
| metastatic lung adenocarcinoma to the lymph node, well differentiated. |
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Term
Her-2 gene
c-myc gene
p53 gene
philadelphia t(9,22)
reciprical translocation t(8,14) |
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Definition
breast ca.
Burkitt's lymphoma
Li-Fraumeni
CML
Burkitt's lymphoma |
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Term
route:
renal cell carcinoma through capsule into perirenal fat. spread into renal vein into SVC to heart |
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Definition
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Term
route:
breast cecll carcinoma, desmoplasia, tumor with fat necrosis, serous and hard, on skin |
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Definition
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Term
route:
metastatic carcinoma to para-aortic lymph node, |
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Definition
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Term
route:
lung, liver, brain, bone with meta tumor |
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Definition
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Term
route:
ovarian, appendicular carcinoma meta to abdominal cavity , on omentum |
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Definition
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