Term
| Exs of inorganic particulates ? |
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Definition
| Asbestos, silica, carbon, lead |
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Term
| Largest preventable cause of premature mortality ? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Lung disease dealing with inhaling diff. types of dust
Exs)
Asbestosis
Silicosis
CWP
Beryliosis |
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Term
| Relative Risks of type of smoker and cancer ? |
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Definition
Non-smokers RR of 1
Smokers RR of 10
Heavey Smokee RR of 20+ |
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Term
| What dusts are fibrogenic ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cytokines cause fibrblast proliferation ? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Due to inhalation of asbestos fibers (fibrous silicates)
Seen in mining, insulation, construction industries
Pathology : Diffuse interstitial fibrosis ("honeycomb lung") |
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Term
| What lesions are seen in the pleura in asbestosis ? |
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Definition
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Term
| One way body's immune system responds to Asbestos bodies being formed in lung ? |
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Definition
| Iron catalyzed reactions with generation of free radicals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Due to inhalation of coal dust |
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Term
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Definition
Is ratio of carbon to other materials
Higher ratio of other materials (esp. silica) associated with higher risk of CWP
Anthracite > Bituminous |
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Term
| Three stages of CWP (Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis) ? |
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Definition
A S C
Anthracosis - Accumulation of carbon pigment in lymph nodes , asymptomatic
Simple CWP - Macules and nodules, dust laden macrophages, little or no pulmonary dysfunction
Complicated CWP
Massive fibrosis/fibrous scars
Impaired pulm function
Less than 10% of persons progress to this stage |
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Term
| Lead most likely to be deposited where ? |
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Definition
| Bones and teeth (20-30 yr half life) |
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Term
| Diagnosis of lead toxicity ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain how lead toxicity works ? |
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Definition
Has a high affinity for sulfhydryl groups
Impairment of heme synthesis due to inhibiting 2 enzymes
Impairment of Na-K-ATPase in cell membranes, and can cause hemolytic anemia
Competes with calcium for binding to phosphates in bone |
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Term
| What two enzymes does lead inhibit ? |
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Definition
Two enzymes in the synthesis of heme:
d-ala-dehydrase
ferrochelatase |
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Term
| What are the lead toxicity levels in children and adults ? |
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Definition
Children: Elevated if lead >= 10 ug/dL
> 70 ug/dL admit to hospital and treat as medical emergency
Adults: Elevated if lead > 20ug/dL |
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Term
| OSHA requires blood lead levels in lead exposed workers to be less than ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Contaminated fish/shellfish and/or volcanic activity/weathering of rocks can give you what toxicity ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are all forms of mercury potentially harmful ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What forms of mercury target what organs ? |
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Definition
Elemental and organic mercury target nervous system
Inorganic mercury targets kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
Chronic exposure to fumes or dust can cause a delayed (Type 4) hypersensitivity response
Exposure usually in industrial setting
Granulomatous inflammatory response
Granuloma can coalesce into fibrotic nodules
Beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT) |
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Term
| Excessive consumption of alcohol is associated with what 4 things ? |
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Definition
C L P T
Craving
Loss of control
Physical dependence
Tolerance |
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Term
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Definition
Quick, verbal screening tool designed for use by doctors to assess alcohol use
Cut Down
Annoyance
Guilt
Eye-Opener
One yes indicates possible alcohol problem
Two or more yes answers means highly likely alcohol problem exists |
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Term
| What alcohol level can cause not breathing or death ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Acetaminophen Toxicity ? |
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Definition
Toxic dose usually > 10g
Overwhelm's liver's capacity to convert drug to a nontoxic metabolite
Can cause hepatic necrosis |
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Term
| Cocaine Toxicity can cause what problems ? |
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Definition
Tachycardia
HTN
Peripheral Vasoconstriction
MI
Seizures
Nasal septum perforation
Reduced placental blood flow |
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Term
| Heroin (Diacetylmorphine) can cause what health problems ? |
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Definition
Resp. depression
Pulmonary edema
Cardiac arrhythmia
Secondary renal lesions like focal glomerulosclerosis and amyloidosis |
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Term
| What heart problem can IV drug use cause ? |
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Definition
| Endocarditis, usually of tricuspid valve, and usually due to Staph. Aureus |
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Term
| IV drug use can cause what lung problems ? |
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Definition
Edema
Septic embolism
Abscess
Foreign body granulomata |
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Term
| What is the toxin in Marijuana ? |
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Definition
| Contains psychoactive THC |
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Term
| LSD, PCP, Mescaline, Ecstasy, Ketamine, Salvia divinorum, tryptamin drugs are what type of drugs ? |
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Definition
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