Term
| Most common result of cell injury is ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cells most susceptible to injury ? |
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Definition
| Most metabolically active cells |
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Term
| Point of no return regarding irreversible cellular damage is ? |
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Definition
| Presence of permanent mitochondrial damage |
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Term
| Most mechanical injuries affect what cell structure ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Toxic substances usually target what cellular structure ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cell degeneration occurs when ? |
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Definition
| When an injurious agent affects the lysosomes |
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Term
| What plays a central role in most pathologic conditions ? |
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Definition
Hypoxia (lack of oxygen) or free-radicals
These free radicals cause lipid peroxidation |
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Term
| 4 main characteristics of cell injury ? |
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Definition
H I C V
Hypoxia
Injury by free radicals
Chemical injury
Viral injury |
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Term
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Definition
| Interruption of blood flow |
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Term
| Characteristics of reversible cell injury ? |
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Definition
Cell swelling
Dilatation of ER
Detachment of ribosomes from ER
Blebs form
See Myelin figures
Mitochondria swollen |
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Term
| Characteristics of irreversible cell injury ? |
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Definition
Severe vacuolization of mitochondria
Damage to plasma membranes
Swelling of lysosomes
Massive Ca2+ influx into the cell |
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Term
| Final breakdown product of dead cells include ? |
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Definition
| Free fatty acids which attract Ca2+ with formation of soaps |
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Term
| A by-product of chronic injury by free radicals (and aging) is |
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Definition
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Term
| Most recognizable changes indicating reversible cell injury is |
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Definition
| Cellular swelling and fatty change |
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Term
| Characteristics of apoptosis ? |
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Definition
Cell shrinkage
Nuclear chromatin condensation
Fragmentation of nucleus
Fragmentation of cell into membrane bound bodies (apoptotic bodies)
No significant inflammation |
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Term
| Necrosis is associated with ? |
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Definition
Cell swelling
Cell rupture
Necrotic cells usually found in contiguous sheets and often associated with acute inflammatory reaction |
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Term
| Most common type of necrosis ? |
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Definition
Coagulative necrosis
Usually occurs in conditions of ischemia
Exs) myocardial infarct or splenic infarct |
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Term
| What necrosis is characteristic of TB ? |
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Definition
Caseous necrosis
Is a combination of coagulative and liquefactive necrosis.
Necrotic areas have a cheesy-milky appearance and are eosinophilic |
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Term
| What type of nodules you see in fat necrosis ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is fatty change reversible ? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Collections of cholesterol-filled macrophages in the skin |
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Term
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Definition
Decrease in size and function of a cell
Exs)
Atrophy of thyroid following pituitary resection
Atrophy of brain in aging |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase in size of a cell accompanied by an augmented functional capacity |
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Term
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Definition
Increase in number of cells in an organ or tissue
Exs)
Increased RBCs in high altitude
Endometrium in early phase of menstrual cycle
Skin in calluses |
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Term
|
Definition
Conversion of one differentiated cell type to another
Exs)
Barrett's Esophagus
Change in epithelium in women's cervix post pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
Alteration in size, shape, and organization of cellular components of a tissue
Dysplasia is a preneoplastic lesion |
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