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Pathology - Gen Path 2
Pathology - Gen Path 2
26
Pathology
Professional
03/27/2013

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Term
Most common result of cell injury is ?
Definition
Cell death
Term
What cells most susceptible to injury ?
Definition
Most metabolically active cells
Term
Point of no return regarding irreversible cellular damage is ?
Definition
Presence of permanent mitochondrial damage
Term
Most mechanical injuries affect what cell structure ?
Definition
Plasma membrane
Term
Toxic substances usually target what cellular structure ?
Definition
SER
Term
Cell degeneration occurs when ?
Definition
When an injurious agent affects the lysosomes
Term
What plays a central role in most pathologic conditions ?
Definition
Hypoxia (lack of oxygen) or free-radicals
These free radicals cause lipid peroxidation
Term
4 main characteristics of cell injury ?
Definition
H I C V
Hypoxia
Injury by free radicals
Chemical injury
Viral injury
Term
Ischemia is what ?
Definition
Interruption of blood flow
Term
Characteristics of reversible cell injury ?
Definition
Cell swelling
Dilatation of ER
Detachment of ribosomes from ER
Blebs form
See Myelin figures
Mitochondria swollen
Term
Characteristics of irreversible cell injury ?
Definition
Severe vacuolization of mitochondria
Damage to plasma membranes
Swelling of lysosomes
Massive Ca2+ influx into the cell
Term
Final breakdown product of dead cells include ?
Definition
Free fatty acids which attract Ca2+ with formation of soaps
Term
A by-product of chronic injury by free radicals (and aging) is
Definition
Lipofucsin
Term
Most recognizable changes indicating reversible cell injury is
Definition
Cellular swelling and fatty change
Term
Characteristics of apoptosis ?
Definition
Cell shrinkage
Nuclear chromatin condensation
Fragmentation of nucleus
Fragmentation of cell into membrane bound bodies (apoptotic bodies)
No significant inflammation
Term
Necrosis is associated with ?
Definition
Cell swelling
Cell rupture
Necrotic cells usually found in contiguous sheets and often associated with acute inflammatory reaction
Term
Most common type of necrosis ?
Definition
Coagulative necrosis
Usually occurs in conditions of ischemia
Exs) myocardial infarct or splenic infarct
Term
What necrosis is characteristic of TB ?
Definition
Caseous necrosis
Is a combination of coagulative and liquefactive necrosis.
Necrotic areas have a cheesy-milky appearance and are eosinophilic
Term
What type of nodules you see in fat necrosis ?
Definition
Chalky-cheesy nodules
Term
Is fatty change reversible ?
Definition
Yes it is reversible
Term
Xanthomas are ?
Definition
Collections of cholesterol-filled macrophages in the skin
Term
What is atrophy ?
Definition
Decrease in size and function of a cell

Exs)
Atrophy of thyroid following pituitary resection
Atrophy of brain in aging
Term
What is hypertrophy ?
Definition
Increase in size of a cell accompanied by an augmented functional capacity
Term
Hyperplasia is ?
Definition
Increase in number of cells in an organ or tissue
Exs)
Increased RBCs in high altitude
Endometrium in early phase of menstrual cycle
Skin in calluses
Term
Metaplasia is ?
Definition
Conversion of one differentiated cell type to another
Exs)
Barrett's Esophagus
Change in epithelium in women's cervix post pregnancy
Term
Dysplasia is ?
Definition
Alteration in size, shape, and organization of cellular components of a tissue
Dysplasia is a preneoplastic lesion
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